Lung function and collagen 1a levels are associated with changes in 6 min walk test distance during treatment of TB among HIV-infected adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV often present with impairments in lung function and exercise capacity after treatment. We evaluated clinical and immunologic variables associated with a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in the change in the 6 min walk test distance during the first 24 weeks of antiretroviral (ART) and anti-tubercular therapy.

Methods: Adults initiating ART and anti-TB treatment in the setting of newly-diagnosed HIV and pulmonary TB were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in South Africa.

A Common NLRC4 Gene Variant Associates With Inflammation and Pulmonary Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis.

Background: Inflammasomes mediate inflammation in adults living with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB), but the relevance of inflammasome gene polymorphisms in TB-associated pulmonary damage is unknown. We hypothesized that functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammasome pathway genes modify systemic and pulmonary inflammation, contributing to respiratory impairment in adults living with HIV/pulmonary TB.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study set in South Africa following individuals living with HIV/TB up to 48 weeks post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.

Declines in Lung Function After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis: A Potential Manifestation of Respiratory Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.

End-organ impairment has received relatively little research attention as a possible manifestation of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). In this prospective cohort study, one-half of adults with human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis experienced meaningful declines in lung function on antiretroviral therapy, suggesting a role for lung function in TB-IRIS definitions.

Lung Injury on Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis.

Background: Immune restoration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can drive inflammation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but its effects on the lungs have not been assessed. We evaluated associations between pulmonary inflammation, recovery of pathogen-specific CD4 T-cell function, and lung injury prior to and after ART initiation in adults with HIV and pulmonary TB.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in South Africa, following adults with HIV and pulmonary TB prior to and up to 48 weeks after ART initiation.