Efficacy of combination therapy with pembrolizumab and axitinib for metastatic renal collecting duct cell carcinoma: A report on two cases.

Introduction: Immunotherapy-based combinations have become the standard first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, combined immunotherapy for renal collecting duct carcinoma had been reported, but its therapeutic efficacy had been unclear.

Case Presentation: The first case was a 62-year-old man treated with pembrolizumab and axitinib for renal collecting duct carcinoma with multiple bone metastases.

Eight year experience with Studer ileal neobladder.

Background: We reviewed our experience with orthotopic continent urinary reconstruction after radical cystectomy to assess the feasibility of Studer ileal neobladder for patients who are relatively advanced in age.

Methods: Between June 1997 and January 2005, 31 consecutive male patients (mean age: 64 years) underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction after radical cystoprostatectomy. Perioperative and late complications, functional outcome of the neobladder, urinary continence, upper urinary tract status and renal function with the metabolic balance were evaluated in all patients.

Perinephric angiomyolipoma: a unique development pattern surrounding the kidney.

We report a case of a 31-year-old man with extrarenal angiomyolipoma of the perinephric space. He presented with asymptomatic macrohematuria. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a large perinephric mass which was separated from the right kidney and its unique growth appeared to have surrounded the kidney.

Detection of the presence of catalytic subunit mRNA associated with telomerase gene in exfoliated urothelial cells from patients with bladder cancer.

Purpose: Telomerase has an important role in the immortalization and oncogenesis of human cancer cells, and it appears to be a promising new marker for carcinogenesis. We investigated whether expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be detected in exfoliated cells in bladder washing from patients with bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: Exfoliated cells in bladder washing and voided urine samples from patients with and without bladder cancer were analyzed.

[Characteristics of various electrodes for transurethral surgery].

The characteristics of four electrodes for transurethral surgery were examined by resection experiments using porcine muscles. The electrodes were a loop type (uroloop, ENDO care), a roller type (STORZ), VAPOR CUT (STORZ) and WEDGE (Microvasive Co). With the stroke rate fixed at 1.

[A case of ureterovesical malacoplakia that manifested hydronephrosis].

A 70-year-old woman visited a nearby physician with a chief complaint of fever and was admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. After discharge, pyuria persisted and examination revealed an intravesical solid tumor. The patient was referred to this department for close examination and treatment.

[The efficacy and safety of terazosin and tamsulosin in patients with urinary disturbance accompanying prostatic hypertrophy].

Terazosin (TE) and tamsulosin (TA) were allocated randomly to 38 patients who had urinary disturbance accompanying prostatic hypertrophy, and the efficacy and safety of the drugs were examined. Subjective symptoms due to I-PSS were improved significantly in both TE and TA groups. On the other hand, objective symptoms such as the maximum urinary flow and mean urinary flow were improved more in the TE group.

[A case of emphysematous cystitis].

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare lower urinary tract infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus, neurogenic bladder, and recurrent urinary tract infection are generally at higher risk of this disease. A 71-year-old woman with neurogenic bladder was referred from the internal medicine department because of urinary retention.

Stable isotope dilution analysis of human urinary metabolites of 17alpha-methyltestosterone.

A method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected-ion monitoring was developed to measure the main metabolites of 17alpha-methyltestosterone, 17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-di ol and 17alpha-methyl-5beta-androstan-3alpha,17beta-dio l, in human urine. 17alpha-Methyl-[(2)H3]-5alpha-androstan-3alpha,1 7beta-diol and 17alpha-methyl-[(2)H3]-5beta-androstan-3alpha,17 beta-diol were used as internal standards. The methods involved purification using a Sep-Pak C(18) cartridge, hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase from Ampullaria and derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide/dithioerythriol/ammon ium iodide.

[Transurethral removal of the ureter by the intussusception method in the treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors].

Between August 1986 and December 1998, 19 patients who had renal pelvic and upper ureteral tumors were treated with nephrectomy and transurethral removal of the ureter using the intussusception method. Removal of the ureter failed in 5 patients because of excessive ablasion of the ureter or insufficient electro-resection around the ipsilateral ureteral orifice. Excluding those patients, the safety of the operation and the intravesical recurrence were compared with the outcome in 12 patients undergoing partial cystectomy for similar tumors.

[Metastatic renal tumor originating from esophageal carcinoma: a case report].

We report a case of renal metastasis from esophageal carcinoma. The patient was a 74-year-old man, who had undergone an operation for esophageal carcinoma thirteen months previously. He was admitted to our clinic for examination of a right renal mass.

Incomplete testicular feminization syndrome: studies on androgen receptor(AR) function, AR gene analysis, and aromatase activities at puberty and long-term observations of clinical and hormonal features from infancy to puberty.

A female infant with partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS) was first seen at 4 months of age with slight virilization of the genitalia and externally palpable testes. Sex chromosome was 46,XY. She received left orchidectomy and exploratory laparotomy at 2 yr of age.

Leiomyosarcoma of the vaginal wall causing difficulty in micturition: a case report.

A 52-year-old woman was admitted because of a vaginal-wall tumor adjacent to the external urethral orifice. The tumor had been causing disturbances in micturition for the past year. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images indicated a 6 x 3 cm solid mass in the anterior vaginal wall.

[Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for patients with advanced testicular tumor].

We examined the indication for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for 30 patients with advanced testicular tumor and made the following conclusion. The sequence of RPLND and primary chemotherapy made no difference in the therapeutic effect for patients with stage II A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). However, we thought it better to administer primary chemotherapy prior to RPLND to prevent dissemination of tumor cells.

[Male pseudohermaphroditism].

Male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) is a complex variety of sexual differentiation disorders characterized by deficiency of masculinization of the internal and/or external genital organs in the presence of testicular development as the male gonad. This condition is caused by embryonic failure in the processes of male sexual development, which is a sequence of mechanisms originating from the genetic sex determination triggered by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, followed by genital sex differentiation influenced by the fetal testis. Resulting phenotypical features of MPH vary from complete female to mostly normal but with some ambiguity in the maleness.

[Application of antiandrogens on prostatic diseases].

Antiandrogen therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma has been introduced in clinical practice. Steroidal antiandrogens such as progestational agents suppress prostatic growth through pituitary gonadotropin suppression as well as by blocking intraprostatic androgen action. Although clinical efficacy of the therapy appears to be promising in some clinical trials, the side effect of sexual function disturbances remains to be solved especially in BPH patients.