A novel risk stratification model based on the Children's Hepatic Tumours International Collaboration-Hepatoblastoma Stratification and deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis for hepatoblastoma.

Introduction: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common paediatric liver tumour, and epigenetic aberrations may be important in HB development. Recently, the Children's Hepatic Tumors International Collaboration-Hepatoblastoma Stratification (CHIC-HS) developed risk stratification based on clinicopathological factors. This study aimed to construct a more accurate model by integrating CHIC-HS with molecular factors based on DNA methylation.

A staged operation for anopenile urethral fistula.

Anopenile urethral fistula (APUF) is not rare, but there are only a few detailed reports regarding its surgical treatment. We describe a patient with APUF who had no anal opening, and meconium was discharged from the external urethral orifice. The patient was treated with a staged operation.

Type 2 K+ -Cl- cotransporter is preferentially recruited to climbing fiber synapses during development and the stellate cell-targeting dendritic zone at adulthood in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Postnatal expression of the type 2 K(+) -Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC2) in neurons lowers the Cl(-) equilibrium potential to values that are more negative than the resting potential, thereby converting the action of Cl(-) -permeable GABA(A) and glycine receptors from excitatory to inhibitory. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of KCC2 in mouse cerebella, particularly focusing on Purkinje cells (PCs). First, we confirmed the fundamental expression profiles of KCC2 in the cerebellum, i.