Effectiveness of Two Types of Distraction Techniques in the Management of Pain and Anxiety during Dental Treatment in 6-9-year-old Children.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of distraction with virtual reality (VR) distraction devices in comparison with mobile phone video games in the management of pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 6-9-year-old children.

Materials And Methods: It was a comparative observational study. A total of 33 children aged 6-9 years who reported to the department for their first dental visit were selected and the subjects were divided into three groups.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Octenidine Hydrochloride and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthrinses in Reducing Plaque and Oxidative Stress in Institutionalized Children with Down Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Due to decreased manual dexterity, a lack of motivation, and difficulty on the part of the caregiver conducting efficient oral hygiene measures at home, patients with Down syndrome (DS) are badly affected. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of 0.1% octenidine (OCT) hydrochloride and 0.

An comparison of calcium ions release and diffusion ability of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicament in combination with three different vehicles like propolis, chitosan, and propylene glycol.

Context: Calcium hydroxide, which is an intracanal medicament, is widely used in endodontics. Improvements can be made to its effectiveness, as calcium hydroxide is dependent on the vehicle.

Aim: The study aims to compare and evaluate the release and diffusion ability of calcium hydroxide when mixed with - propolis, chitosan, and propylene glycol.

HPV16 E6/E7-mediated regulation of PiwiL1 expression induces tumorigenesis in cervical cancer cells.

Purpose: PiwiL1 has been reported to be over-expressed in many cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which these proteins contribute to tumorigenesis and their regulation in cancer cells is still unclear. We intend to understand the role of PiwiL1 in tumorigenesis and also its regulation in cervical cells.

RXR agonist, Bexarotene, effectively reduces drug resistance via regulation of RFX1 in embryonic carcinoma cells.

Aberrant expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins is one of the features of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that make them escape chemotherapy. A well-orchestrated regulation of multiple MDRs by different transcription factors in cancer cells confers this drug resistance. An in silico analysis of the major MDR genes revealed a possible regulation by RFX1 and Nrf2.

Automated identification of innocent Still's murmur using a convolutional neural network.

Background: Still's murmur is the most prevalent innocent heart murmur of childhood. Auscultation is the primary clinical tool to identify this murmur as innocent. Whereas pediatric cardiologists routinely perform this task, primary care providers are less successful in distinguishing Still's murmur from the murmurs of true heart disease.

Aqueous Extract and Its Fraction Prevents Blood Coagulation by Specifically Inhibiting the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway: An in vitro Study.

Background: Currently, cardiovascular disorders are the primary cause of mortality in the world and constitute a serious medical problem. Blood coagulation is an essential process to prevent excessive blood loss through injured blood vessels; however, abnormal blood clotting in the blood vessels can result in fatal cardiovascular disorders. This study investigated the in vitro anticoagulant activity of crude extract and its fractions and their erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity.

Outcomes of normothermic machine perfusion of liver grafts in repeat liver transplantation (NAPLES initiative).

Background: Retransplantation candidates are disadvantaged owing to lack of good-quality liver grafts. Strategies that can facilitate transplantation of suboptimal grafts into retransplant candidates require investigation. The aim was to determine whether late liver retransplantation can be performed safely with suboptimal grafts, following normothermic machine perfusion.

RFX1: a promising therapeutic arsenal against cancer.

Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) is an evolutionary conserved transcriptional factor that influences a wide range of cellular processes such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, by regulating a number of target genes that are involved in such processes. On a closer look, these target genes also play a key role in tumorigenesis and associated events. Such observations paved the way for further studies evaluating the role of RFX1 in cancer.

Biliary Strictures Are Associated With Both Early and Late Hepatic Artery Stenosis.

Background: Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) following liver transplantation results in hypoperfusion and ischemic damage to the biliary tree. This study aimed to investigate how vascular intervention, liver function test derangement, and time point of HAS onset influence biliary complications.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study of adult patients that underwent primary liver transplantation.

Comparative Evaluation of Hair, Fingernails, and Toenails as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The increased prevalence of fluorosis has led to a search for biomarkers of fluoride exposure. Among the biomarkers of sub-chronic exposure to fluoride, hair, fingernails, and toenails have the advantage of being noninvasively collected, easily transported, and stored.

Objective: The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate coronal hair, fingernails, and toenails as biomarkers of fluoride exposure from drinking water; the study was designed as a population-based observational cross-sectional study.

Seroprevalance of Rubella in an Urban Infertility Clinic - Observations and Challenges Ahead.

Background: Rubella is a contagious viral illness that can be prevented by vaccination. Currently, vaccination is being offered to children and adolescents. Since an infection in pregnancy can have teratogenic effects, identification of susceptive women and vaccination before conception would be ideal.

Induction of Hypergammaglobulinemia and Autoantibodies by Infection in MyD88-Deficient Mice.

Growing evidence indicates a link between persistent infections and the development of autoimmune diseases. For instance, the inability to control infection due to defective toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling has linked the development of persistent infections to a breakdown in B cell tolerance. However, the extent of immune dysregulation in the absence of TLR-MyD88 signaling remains poorly characterized.

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors at National Blood Transfusion Service, Eritrea: a seven-year retrospective study.

Background: Blood transfusion is associated with several risks particularly exposure to blood transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI), including: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Syphilis, among others. The threat posed by these blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately high in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This fact underscores the need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the region.

Establishment of hematological reference intervals for healthy adults in Asmara.

Objectives: Clinical laboratory reference intervals used in a specific area should be derived from the local population as they are influenced by many factors. The purpose of this quantitative cross sectional study was to establish hematological reference intervals for healthy adults in Asmara and to determine whether the currently used reference interval do represent the adult population in the city. In addition, the established reference intervals were compared to findings from similar studies conducted in selected countries in Africa.

Childhood Oral Lichen Planus: Report of Two Cases.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease widely recognized in adults, but uncommon in children. The purpose of this paper is to report two cases of LP in children. The diagnosis was made based on clinical and histopathological findings.

Rotary endodontics in primary teeth - A review.

Endodontic treatment in primary teeth can be challenging and time consuming, especially during canal preparation, which is considered one of the most important steps in root canal therapy. The conventional instrumentation technique for primary teeth remains the "gold-standard" over hand instrumentation, which makes procedures much more time consuming and adversely affects both clinicians and patients. Recently nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files have been developed for use in pediatric endodontics.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma.

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a quite rare, mixed odontogenic tumour generally seen in the early stages of life. Frequent signs of this tumour are asymptomatic swelling, delayed tooth eruption and mixed radiological appearance within well-defined borders. Management of the lesion includes enucleation of the tumour and long-term follow-up.

Delayed reimplantation: a case report.

A 12-year-old boy reported to the clinic with a history of trauma, whereas playing 1 day before. On examination it was noted that the patient had an avulsed tooth in relation to 11, Class III fracture in relation to 12 and Class II fracture in relation to 21. The avulsed tooth was brought by the patient wrapped in a newspaper.

Characterization of cervicofacial lymphnodes - a clinical and ultrasonographic study.

Background: Lymph nodes undergo reactive changes in response to a wide variety of stimuli, the most common cause being inflammatory and immune reactions, apart from primary malignant neoplasms and metastatic tumours. It is well accepted that a clinical examination alone cannot be considered diagnostic to justify the involvement of cervicofacial lymph nodes especially deep and small nodes. Ultrasonography is an easy, reproducible, non invasive, non-ionizing imaging modality to evaluate cervicofacial lymph nodes.

Identification and characterization of a suite of tumor targeting peptides for non-small cell lung cancer.

Tumor targeting ligands are emerging components in cancer therapies. Widespread use of targeted therapies and molecular imaging is dependent on increasing the number of high affinity, tumor-specific ligands. Towards this goal, we biopanned three phage-displayed peptide libraries on a series of well-defined human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, isolating 11 novel peptides.

Salmonella-mediated tumor regression involves targeting of tumor myeloid suppressor cells causing a shift to M1-like phenotype and reduction in suppressive capacity.

The effectiveness of attenuated Salmonella in inhibiting tumor growth has been demonstrated in many therapeutic models, but the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that the anti-tumor capacity of Salmonella depends on a functional MyD88-TLR pathway and is independent of adaptive immune responses. Since myeloid suppressor cells play a critical role in tumor growth, we investigated the consequences of Salmonella treatment on myeloid cell recruitment, phenotypic characteristics, and functional activation in spleen and tumor tissue of B16.

Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of four ceramic finishing systems.

Aim: To compare the effect of four different finishing systems and diamond paste on ceramic roughness with the objectives of evaluating the roughness of ceramic surface of prepared specimens after abrasion, finishing and polishing.

Materials & Methods: A total of 50 test specimens were fabricated in the form of discs of diameter 13mm and 0.6mm thickness.

Comparison of the remaining dentin thickness in the root after hand and four rotary instrumentation techniques: an in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the remaining dental thickness (RDT) in the mesiobuccal root of mandibular first molars at 3 and 7 mm from the anatomic apex after instrumentation with ProTaper, light speed LSX, K3 and M2 and to compare with that of K-files.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 60 extracted, untreated human mandibular first molars with fully formed apices, with curvature less than 35° and no root resorption were used. Prepared specimens were cut horizontally at 3 and 7 mm short of anatomic apex.