Exosome-Derived miRNAs in Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer.

Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for lung cancer detection and monitoring through liquid biopsy. These small, non-coding RNA molecules are found within exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles released from cells. Their stability in biofluids, such as blood, positions them as candidates for minimally invasive diagnostics.

MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis.

Brain metastasis is a significant clinical challenge for patients with advanced lung cancer, occurring in about 20-40% of cases. Brain metastasis causes severe neurological symptoms, leading to a poor prognosis and contributing significantly to lung cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanism behind brain metastasis remains largely unknown.

The Role of Exosome-Derived microRNA on Lung Cancer Metastasis Progression.

The high mortality from lung cancer is mainly attributed to the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Despite being the leading cause of lung cancer death, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving metastasis progression are still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that tumor cell exosomes play a significant role in tumor progression through intercellular communication between tumor cells, the microenvironment, and distant organs.

Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms.

Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards.

Role of IL-10-Producing Natural Killer Cells in the Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation during Systemic Infection.

Natural killer (NK) cells have the dual ability to produce pro-inflammatory (IFNγ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines during systemic infection, which points to their crucial role both as inflammatory effectors for infection clearance and as regulators to counterbalance inflammation to limit immune-mediated damage to the host. In particular, immunosuppressive IL-10 secretion by NK cells has been described to occur in systemic, but not local, infections as a recent immunoregulatory mechanism of inflammation that may be detrimental or beneficial, depending on the timing of release, type of disease, or the infection model. Understanding the factors that drive the production of IL-10 by NK cells and their impact during dualistic inflammatory states, such as sepsis and other non-controlled inflammatory diseases, is relevant for achieving effective therapeutic advancements.

[Molecular identification of Candida lusitaniae in lower respiratory tract infection].

Candida lusitaniae is a yeast that has emerged as a low frequency nosocomial pathogen in deep infections. Although it usually shows in vitro susceptibility to all antifungal agents, in vivo resistance to amphotericin B has been observed in several clinical cases. Therefore, its early identification in the course of therapy is important.