Epithelial PD-L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan.

Background: We recently described the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from Sudan by assessing the core of the lesions. However, the invasive tumor front (ITF) is the most active part of OSCC lesions; thus, TIME should also be characterized at the ITF in this patient cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate patterns of immune cell infiltration at the ITF in a cohort of OSCC patients from Sudan previously investigated at the tumor center and their association with clinicopathological parameters.

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation have emerged as important factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis during the last two decades. However, the "rare biosphere" of the oral microbiome, including fungi, has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to characterize the salivary mycobiome in a prospective Sudanese cohort of OSCC patients and to explore patterns of diversities associated with overall survival (OS).

Characterization of immune cell infiltrate in tumor stroma and epithelial compartments in oral squamous cell carcinomas of Sudanese patients.

Background: Tumor immune infiltrate has been explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but studies on simultaneous characterization of multiple immune cell subtypes separately in stromal and intraepithelial tumor compartments are limited.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the immune cell infiltrate in OSCC by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a panel of inflammatory cells in stromal and epithelial tumor compartments for a better characterization of the tumors.

Methods: Thirty-six OSCC lesions and nine normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples from patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Sudan were investigated for presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, and PD-L1 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate by single and double IHC.

Terpenoid-rich Elettaria cardamomum extract prevents Alzheimer-like alterations induced in diabetic rats via inhibition of GSK3β activity, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Purpose: Recent studies suggested that the non-familiar form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be consequence of metabolic syndrome and neuroinflammation. Elettaria cardamomum extract (EC) has exhibited antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of EC on AD-like alterations in rats induced by high fructose and high fat diet coupled with a single small dose of STZ (25 mg/kg) (T2DM rats).

The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR identifies a transient stem cell-like state in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Background: Although several markers have been used for enrichment of cells with stem cell-like properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), isolation of a pure subpopulation is still a challenging task. Normal oral and esophageal keratinocyte stem cells have been previously isolated using the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR.

Objective: To investigate the potential of p75NTR as a marker for identification and isolation of oral cancer cells with stem cell-like properties.