Mechanisms involved in the inhibition of osteoclast generation by the benzothiophene SERM LY117018.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators are compounds that act via estrogen receptors in different tissues to mediate either estrogenic or estrogen antagonistic effects in osteoporosis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the selective estrogen receptor modulator LY117018, a raloxifene analogue, on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In primary murine bone marrow cultures osteoclasts, defined as TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, were induced by 10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3).

Reversible cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum related to tetracycline therapy.

We report a symptomatic girl with reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC) that occurred, to our knowledge, for the first time in relation to tetracycline treatment. After stopping tetracycline therapy the girl recovered completely and the CC lesion, clearly visible on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), disappeared. Reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema (CCO) of the splenium of the CC is a well-defined entity that is found to be associated with administration of antiepileptic drugs, alterations in therapy using arginin-vasopressin and metronidazole or infections with influenza and rotavirus.

Bone morphogenetic proteins 5 and 6 stimulate osteoclast generation.

Bone regeneration is required for fracture-healing, and different procedures have been used to promote osteogenesis. Recently, BMP-2 has been shown to induce bone formation in vivo and has been tested in clinical trials. A recent in vitro study evaluated the osteogenic activity of 14 BMPs on osteoblastic progenitor cells with an osteogenic hierarchical model in which BMP-2 and BMP-6 may play an important role in inducing osteoblast differentiation.