Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8: a Model of Neuroinflammation and Aging with Features of Sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

The large majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic with unknown genetic causes. In contrast, only a small percentage of AD cases are familial, with known genetic causes. Paradoxically, there are only few validated mouse models of sporadic AD but many of familial AD.

Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Obesity, a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases, often results in dysfunctional white adipose tissue and altered adipogenesis leading to ectopic fat accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut worldwide consumption and production is increasing steadily, which augments the mass of byproducts to be discarded.

Outcomes and Role of Lymphadenectomy in Hypervascular Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Based on CT-Vascularity.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and role of lymphadenectomy in hypervascular intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) quantified using the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Consecutive patients with mass-forming (MF) or predominantly MF type ICC who underwent surgical resection from 2000 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Using the image of the late arterial phase, CT-vascularity was calculated by dividing the CT value of the tumor (Hounsfield units) with that of the liver parenchyma.

Effects of ipragliflozin on skeletal muscle adiposity in patients with diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Objective Myosteatosis affects the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and may be a potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to examine the effects of ipragliflozin on myosteatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and MASLD. Methods Patients were treated with ipragliflozin (IPR group) or a control (CTR group) for 72 weeks in a randomized trial.

Comparison of Neurogenesis Promotion Effects between Cinnamoylquinic Acids in Neural Stem Cells from Adult Mice Brains.

Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and feruloylquinic acids (FQAs), as cinnamoylquinic acids, have neurogenesis promotion effects. We studied for the first time the neurogenesis-enhancing effect of 3,4,5-tri-feruloylquinic acid (TFQA) compared to 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA), which has a similar structure, and explored their different cellular and molecular mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice brains. After 2 weeks of incubation, we first assessed the number and size of NSCs in TCQA and TFQA treatments.

A novel amphiphilic squalene-based compound with open-chain polyethers reduces malignant melanoma metastasis in-vitro and in-vivo.

Squalene (SQ) is a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that provides promising anti-aging and UV-protective roles on human skin. However, its strong hydrophobic nature, accompanied by issues such as poor solubility and limited tissue permeation, has created challenges for scientists to investigate its untapped potential in more complex conditions, including cancer progression. The present study assessed the potent anti-metastatic properties of a newly synthesized amphiphilic ethylene glycol SQ derivative (SQ-diEG) in melanoma, the most fatal skin cancer.

FIB-4 Index and Liver Stiffness Measurement are Potential Predictors of Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Therefore, CVD surveillance is important, but it is not well established. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis, carotid artery atherosclerosis, and coronary artery stenosis in patients with MASLD.

Rosemary extract activates oligodendrogenesis genes in mouse brain and improves learning and memory ability.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a rich source of dietary bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic acid and carnosol with a large repertoire of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, we investigated rosemary as a potential new therapeutic agent for cognitive function and other symptoms of aging.

Triethylene Glycol Squalene Improves Hair Regeneration by Maintaining the Inductive Capacity of Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Preventing Premature Aging.

De novo hair follicle (HF) regeneration, achieved through the replenishment of the dermal papilla (DP), acknowledged as the principal orchestrator of the hair growth cycle, is emerging as a prospective therapeutic intervention for alopecia. Nonetheless, multiple attempts have shown that these cells lose key inductive properties when cultured in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer, leading to precocious senescence engendered by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Consequently, the three-dimensional (3D) spheroid technique is presently widely employed for DP cell culture.

A rare olive compound oleacein functions as a TrkB agonist and mitigates neuroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Neuroinflammation is widely acknowledged as a characteristic feature of almost all neurological disorders and specifically in depression- and anxiety-like disorders. In recent years, there has been significant attention on natural compounds with potent anti-inflammatory effects due to their potential in mitigating neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity.

Methods: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of oleacein (OC), a rare secoiridoid derivative found in extra virgin olive oil.

In Vivo and Post-mortem Comparisons of IVIM/Time-dependent Diffusion MR Imaging Parameters in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Xenograft Models.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the changes in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion parameters between in vivo and post-mortem conditions and the time dependency of these parameters using two different mouse tumor models with different vessel lumen sizes.

Methods: Six B16 and six MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice were scanned using 7 Tesla MRI under both in vivo/post-mortem conditions. Diffusion weighted imaging with 17 b-values (0-3000 s/mm) were obtained at two diffusion times (9 and 27.

The effect of hormone therapy on physiological uptake of the endometrium on [F]F-FDG PET in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The effects of hormonal therapy, estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and anti-tumor hormone therapy, such as tamoxifen, on the physiological uptake of the endometrium on 2-deoxy-2[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in postmenopausal women have not been determined. We explored the effect of hormone therapy, particularly HRT, on physiological uptake in the endometrium of postmenopausal women.

Materials And Methods: Postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy who underwent cancer screening using PET/computed tomography (CT) between June 2016 and April 2023 were included in the hormone therapy group (n = 21).

Adenoma mimicking intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct arising in an intrahepatic biliary duplication cyst.

We report a case of a cystic liver tumour in a 47-year-old man with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) who had undergone sclerotherapy at another hospital for a cyst in hepatic segment IV (S4) 7 years earlier. Based on the preoperative imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization was performed to increase the residual liver volume, followed by resection of the three right hepatic lobes and the caudate lobe, biliary reconstruction, and portal vein reconstruction.

Comparative Analysis of Olive-Derived Phenolic Compounds' Pro-Melanogenesis Effects on B16F10 Cells and Epidermal Human Melanocytes.

Olive leaf contains plenty of phenolic compounds, among which oleuropein (OP) is the main component and belongs to the group of secoiridoids. Additionally, phenolic compounds such as oleocanthal (OL) and oleacein (OC), which share a structural similarity with OP and two aldehyde groups, are also present in olive leaves. These compounds have been studied for several health benefits, such as anti-cancer and antioxidant effects.

Association Between Pancreatic Cysts and Diabetes Mellitus in Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.

Introduction: Pancreatic cysts are frequently observed in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), and they are considered clinically not important. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pancreatic cysts and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with VHL.

Methods: Among patients who were on a patient list at the VHL Center at Kyoto University Hospital as of December 2022, those who had undergone an upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging study after 2010 were retrospectively evaluated.

Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling of Antioxidant Activities by Glutathione in Human HepG2 Cells.

Glutathione (GSH) has long been recognised for its antioxidant and detoxifying effects on the liver. The hepatoprotective effect of GSH involves the activation of antioxidative systems such as NRF2; however, details of the mechanisms remain limited. A comparative analysis of the biological events regulated by GSH under physiological and oxidative stress conditions has also not been reported.

A comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals ethylene glycol derivatives of squalene ameliorate excessive lipogenesis and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Squalene (SQ) is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant effects, but due to its low solubility, its biological properties have been greatly underestimated. This study aims to explore the differences in gene expression patterns of four newly synthesized amphipathic ethylene glycol (EG) derivatives of SQ by whole-genome transcriptomics analysis using DNA microarray to examine the mRNA expression profile of adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells treated with SQ and its EG derivatives. Enrichment analyses of the transcriptional data showed that compared with SQ, its EG derivatives exerted different, in most cases desirable, biological responses.

Keratin Microspheres as Promising Tool for Targeting Follicular Growth.

Skin is the body barrier that constrains the infiltration of particles and exogenous aggression, in which the hair follicle plays an important role. Recent studies have shown that small particles can penetrate the skin barrier and reach the hair follicle, making them a potential avenue for delivering hair growth-related substances. Interestingly, keratin-based microspheres are widely used as drug delivery carriers in various fields.

Antiobesity and Hypolipidemic Potential of Extract in Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of extract (NRE) in reducing weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat composition (BF), and anthropometric parameters among overweight/obese women, comparing the results with those of a placebo group. Overweight/obese individuals participated in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Body weight, BMI, body composition, and anthropometric parameters were assessed.

Natural History of Hepatic Hemangiomas Larger Than 10 cm: Imaging Findings and Clinical Course of 22 Cases.

Introduction: The natural history of a large hepatic hemangioma is important in determining the treatment strategy. Although several studies have assessed the natural history of hepatic hemangiomas, no study has focused on hepatic hemangiomas measuring >10 cm. The aim of this study was to assess the natural history of hepatic hemangiomas measuring >10 cm by evaluating imaging findings and clinical course.

Modulation of mitochondrial activity by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) top extract and its bioactive polyphenols: a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis in C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes.

Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems, which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development. Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top (ST) ethanol extract (STEE) could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1α transcript levels.