Monetary value of health-a practical decision-making framework combining equity considerations and WTP.

Objective: We estimate the first monetary value of a health gain in Croatia to inform the debate about the appropriate "demand-side" cost-effectiveness thresholds in Croatia but also Central and Eastern Europe, where such debates are still uncommon. We test the empirical support for two equity considerations: age and severity operationalized as proportional shortfall (PS), and propose a pragmatic framework for combining equity considerations with the monetary value of health into a single threshold.

Methods: We used the contingent valuation method to elicit the willingness to pay per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) in Croatia, using a representative sample of the population (N = 1,500, online survey).

VOLY: The Monetary Value of a Life-Year at the End of Patients' Lives.

Objective: We explored the monetary value of the end-of-life (EoL) health gains, that is, the value of a life-year (VOLY) gained at the end of a patient's life in Croatia. We tested whether the nature of the illness under valuation (cancer and/or rare disease) is a factor in the valuation of EoL-VOLYs. The aim was for our results to contribute to the health and longevity valuation literature and more particularly to the debate on the appropriate cost-effectiveness threshold for EoL treatments as well as to provide input into the debate on the justifiability of a cancer and/or a rare disease premium when evaluating therapies.