Outcome of a psychosocial health promotion intervention aimed at improving physical health and reducing alcohol use in patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (MINT).

Background: Life expectancy is reduced by 19 years in men and 17 in women with psychosis in Sweden, largely due to cardiovascular disease.

Aim: Assess whether a psychosocial health promotion intervention improves cardiometabolic risk factors, quality of life, and severity of illness in patients with psychotic disorders more than treatment as usual.

Methods: A pragmatic intervention trial testing a manual-based multi-component health promotion intervention targeting patients with psychosis.

Incidence of perineal pain and dyspareunia following spontaneous vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Perineal pain and dyspareunia are experienced by women undergoing a vaginal birth that can have short and longer term physical and psychological morbidities. This review aimed to determine the incidence of perineal pain and dyspareunia following spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB) with intact perineum, first and second-degree perineal trauma or episiotomy.

Methods: Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED and MIDIRS (inception - December 2017) were undertaken with selection criteria of any study evaluating the effect of intact perineum, first- or second-degree perineal trauma on perineal pain or dyspareunia in women with SVB.

Small for gestational age infants and the association with placental and umbilical cord morphometry: a digital imaging study.

Individual placental and umbilical cord morphometry have been previously identified to have an association with fetal growth. This study aims to identify which of the morphometric measurements in combination are associated with pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) infants using digital imaging of the delivered placenta. This study examined 1005 placentas from consecutively delivered singleton pregnancies in a tertiary center.

The prevalence of healthcare-associated infection in medical intensive care units in Tunisia. Results of the multi-centre nosorea1 study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) in medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU), risk factors for these infections and identify the predominant infecting organisms.

Methods: A 1-day point-prevalence study within all medical ICUs in Tunisia, all patients occupying an ICU bed over a 48-hour period were included. Rates of HAI, resistance patterns of microbiological isolates and potential risk factors for HAI were recorded.

Psychosocial correlates of work-related fatigue among Jordanian emergency department nurses.

Purpose: This study purposed to assess the psychosocial correlates of work-related fatigue among Jordanian emergency department nurses.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Jordanian emergency nurses (n = 220). Measures included Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER15) and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version Two (COPSOQ II).

A pilot study of an integrated mental health, social and medical model for diabetes care in an inner-city setting: Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD).

Aims: We examined the effectiveness of a service innovation, Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD), that consisted of a referral to an integrated mental health, social care and diabetes treatment model, compared with usual care in improving biomedical and health economic outcomes.

Methods: Using a non-randomized control design, the 3DFD model was offered in two inner-city boroughs in London, UK, where diabetes health professionals could refer adult residents with diabetes, suboptimal glycaemic control [HbA ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%)] and mental health and/or social problems.

JAK/STAT inhibition with ruxolitinib enhances oncolytic virotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer models.

The concept of using viruses to treat cancer has now shown proof of concept in several recent clinical trials, leading to the first FDA approval of virotherapy for melanoma last year. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a promising oncolytic virus that has inhibitory effects on a number of cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer. One of the major mechanisms of resistance to VSV infection is the type I interferon (IFN) response, leading to the development of VSV expressing IFNβ which will lead to resistance of viral replication in normal cells which have intact IFN signaling but allow replication in cancer cells with defective IFNβ signaling.

A scoping review of the problems and solutions associated with contamination in trials of complex interventions in mental health.

Background: In a randomised controlled trial, contamination is defined as the receipt of active intervention amongst participants in the control arm. This review assessed the processes leading to contamination, its typical quantity, methods used to mitigate it, and impact of use of cluster randomisation to prevent it on study findings in trials of complex interventions in mental health.

Methods: This is a scoping review of trial design approaches and methods of study conduct to address contamination.

Determinants of the willingness to participate in biobanking among Malaysian stakeholders in the Klang Valley.

Background: The demand in biobanking for the collection and maintenance of biological specimens and personal data from civilians to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases has increased notably. Despite the advancement, certain issues, specifically those related to privacy and data protection, have been critically discussed. The purposes of this study are to assess the willingness of stakeholders to participate in biobanking and to determine its predictors.

Evaluation of Accuracy of Episiotomy Incision in a Governmental Maternity Unit in Palestine: An Observational Study.

Episiotomy should be cut at certain internationally set criteria to minimize risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and anal incontinence. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of cutting right mediolateral episiotomy (RMLE). An institution-based prospective cohort study was undertaken in a Palestinian maternity unit from February 1, to December 31, 2016.

Diabetes and TelecommunicationS (DATES) study to support self-management for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control in Kuwait requires novel, wide-reaching, low-cost interventions to motivate and mobilise individuals towards more effective self-management. More than 2 million people in Kuwait own mobile phones. We will test whether automated personalised health text messages based on principles of motivational interviewing and are responsive to biodata delivered remotely is potentially effective in improving glycaemic control compared to usual care.

Impact of electronic and blended learning programs for manual perineal support on incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a prospective interventional study.

Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are associated with anal incontinence, dyspareunia and perineal pain. Bimanual perineal support technique (bPST) prevents OASIS. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two different bPST training-methods on OASIS incidence.

The metabolic underpinning of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of insulin sensitivity.

Background: A recent study reported a positive genetic correlation between anorexia nervosa and insulin sensitivity using data from genome-wide association studies. Epidemiological studies have, on the other hand, suggested that bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of eating disorders.

Learning about Type 1 diabetes and learning to live with it when diagnosed in adulthood: two distinct but inter-related psychological processes of adaptation A qualitative longitudinal study.

Aim: To explore the experiences of adults with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes in order to understand the adaptive processes that occur in the early phase of the condition.

Methods: We conducted longitudinal semi-structured interviews with 30 adults newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (age range 20-67 years; 16 men; median diabetes duration 23.5 months), recruited from hospitals in Denmark and the UK.

Perceptions of Plagiarism Among Medical and Nursing Students in Erbil, Iraq.

Objectives: The rapidly rising incidence of plagiarism among students at universities throughout the world requires attention. This study aimed to determine the extent to which medical and nursing students in Erbil, Iraq, plagiarise, their knowledge, understanding and perceptions of plagiarism and the underlying factors that may lead them to plagiarise.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between January and June 2017 among a sample of 400 undergraduate medical and nursing students at Hawler Medical University in Erbil.

Awareness and use of pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxes among Nigerian university students: Findings from a cross-sectional survey.

Despite the recent advances in biomedical preventive strategies, young adults-especially adolescent girls- continue to be disproportionately at risk of acquiring HIV. To avert this trend, it is critical that access to HIV preventive strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis be expanded, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where young adults are known to engage in risky sexual practices. This study examined awareness levels and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among Nigerian university students.

Response bias to a randomised controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Research evaluating lifestyle interventions for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may not reach those most at risk. We compared the response rate to a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a lifestyle intervention by CVD risk, ethnicity and level of deprivation.

Methods: Primary care patients with a QRisk2 score ≥ 20% were invited to participate in a RCT of an intensive lifestyle intervention versus usual care.

Royal College of Psychiatrists Liaison Faculty & Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS): guidelines for the management of diabetes in adults and children with psychiatric disorders in inpatient settings.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists Liaison Faculty & Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care guidelines for the management of diabetes in adults and children with psychiatric disorders in inpatient settings are available in full at: www.diabetes.org.

Bivariate extreme value modeling for road safety estimation.

Surrogate safety measures have been advocated as a complementary approach to study safety from a broader perspective than relying on crash data alone. This study proposes an approach to incorporate different surrogate safety measures in a unified framework for road safety estimation within the bivariate extreme value theory framework. The model structure, model specification, threshold selection method, and parameter estimation method of the bivariate threshold excess model are introduced.

A qualitative study exploring women's health behaviours after a pregnancy with gestational diabetes to inform the development of a diabetes prevention strategy.

Aim: To inform targeted interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by exploring the factors that influence their health behaviours and their preferences for lifestyle support.

Methods: Participants were women with previous GDM taken from a diverse inner-city UK population. Data collection involved focus groups (n = 35 women in six groups) and semi-structured interviews (n = 15 women).

Evaluating the safety and operational impacts of left-turn bay extension at signalized intersections using automated video analysis.

Left-turn lanes are commonly introduced to provide space to accommodate comfortable deceleration and adequate storage of turning vehicles. Operational shortcomings may arise due to inadequate length, including overflow and blockage of left-turn entrance by queues on an adjacent through lane. This study investigates the potential safety and operational benefits of treating left-turn lanes by extending the length further upstream a signalized intersection.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commensal rodents sampled across Senegal, West Africa.

Risks related to Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans remain poorly known in Senegal. Although rodent surveys could help to assess the circulation of T. gondii, they have seldom been set up in sub-Saharan Africa.

Nurse-led psychological intervention for type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial (Diabetes-6 study) in primary care.

Background: Suboptimal glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is common and associated with psychological barriers.

Aim: To investigate whether it was possible to train practice nurses in six psychological skills (Diabetes-6 [D6]) based on motivational interviewing (MI) and basic cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), and whether integrating these with diabetes care was associated with improved glycaemic control over 18 months compared with standard care.

Design And Setting: Two-arm, single-blind, parallel cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care.