Tirzepatide: unveiling a new dawn in dual-targeted diabetes and obesity management.

Introduction: Incretin-based therapies have emerged as effective treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. However, not all patients achieve optimal outcomes with existing treatments, highlighting the need for more effective solutions.

Areas Covered: We present a comprehensive evaluation of Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GIP/GLP-1) receptor agonist, for managing obesity and T2D.

Metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer: A new therapeutic strategy.

Cancer metabolism is now a key area for therapeutic intervention, targeting unique metabolic reprogramming crucial for tumor growth and survival. This article reviews the therapeutic potential of addressing metabolic vulnerabilities through glycolysis and glutaminase inhibitors, which disrupt cancer cell metabolism. Challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and adaptive resistance are discussed, with strategies including personalized medicine and predictive biomarkers to enhance treatment efficacy.

The Complex Connection between Obesity and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications.

Obesity has emerged as an important global health challenge, significantly influencing the incidence and progression of various cancers. This comprehensive review elucidates the complex relationship between obesity and oncogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of dysregulated signaling pathways as central mediators of this association. We delve into the contributions of obesity-induced alterations in key signaling cascades, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin to carcinogenesis.

Dual-loaded liposomal carriers to combat chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer.

Introduction: The resistance to chemotherapy is a significant hurdle in breast cancer treatment, prompting the exploration of innovative strategies. This review discusses the potential of dual-loaded liposomal carriers to combat chemoresistance and improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.

Areas Covered: This review discusses breast cancer chemotherapy resistance and dual-loaded liposomal carriers.

PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 Status and Relationship in a Prostate Cancer Cohort from Jordanian Arab Population.

: Prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) include PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. Their relationships and patterns of expression in PCa in developing countries, including Jordan, have not yet been investigated. : A tissue microarray (TMA) of PCa patients was taken from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 130 patients.

Development and validation of Ran as a prognostic marker in stage I and stage II primary breast cancer.

Purpose: Existing prognostic biomarkers are inadequate for stratifying breast cancer patients with the highest risk of tumor progression at the time of diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Ran has predictive value for breast cancer (BC) patients as a whole, and for specific BC subtypes.

Patients And Methods: Ran expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in 263 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed at the Breast Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital.

Impact of exosome therapy on pancreatic cancer and its progression.

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive tumors, has a dismal prognosis because of the low rates of early identification, fast progression, difficulties following surgery, and the ineffectiveness of current oncologic therapies. There are no imaging techniques or biomarkers that can accurately identify, categorize, or predict the biological behavior of this tumor. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play a crucial rule in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary with malignant transformation of tall cell subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Malignancies rarely occur in somatic parts of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of cancer that can develop in mature cystic teratoma. Other less frequent malignancies include melanoma, sarcoma, carcinoid, and germ cell neoplasms.

A Genetic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Phenotypes and p27 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Patients in Jordan.

Stomach (gastric) cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide and most gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas. Based on prior research, there is an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection together with the frequency of duodenal ulcer, distal gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and antral gastritis.

Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A 16-Year Experience of a Tertiary Referral Hospital in North Jordan.

: Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. Their low prevalence and histological heterogeneity make their diagnosis a challenging task. To the best of our knowledge, the epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) was not well studied in Jordan.

A 47-Year-Old Woman with Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-Related Disease Involving the Right Ovary.

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is immune-mediated and was first proposed as a defined entity after studies on patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Since then, it has been reported in many organs. Involvement of the ovaries is rare, and to our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported in the literature.

Impact of Obesity on Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Disease Prognosis in Pre- and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Institutional Study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between obesity and breast cancer clinicopathologic characteristics at presentation along with prognostic impact among Jordanian breast cancer patients. Such data are lacking in Arabian countries.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 348 breast cancer patients were included.

A novel approach for quantitative assessment of mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease.

Aims: One of the main reliable histological features to suggest the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is the presence of significant distortion of the crypt architecture indicating the chronic nature of the disease resulting in mucosal damage. This feature has a considerable intra-observer and inter-observer variability leading to significant subjectivity in colonic biopsy assessment. In this paper, we present a novel automated system to assess mucosal damage and architectural distortion in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Antioxidant activity of simvastatin prevents L-arginine-induced acute toxicity of pancreas.

L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that found naturally in food. It has been shown that administration of large doses of L-arginine can induce acute pancreatitis. In the present study, we evaluated if simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) inhibitor, might prevent acute pancreatitis induced by L-arginine.

Multi-drug resistance 1 genetic polymorphism and prediction of chemotherapy response in Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Background: The human multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1), which encodes the major trans-membrane transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), was found to be associated with susceptibility to cancer and response to chemotherapy. The C3435T Polymorphism of MDR1 gene was correlated with expression levels and functions of P-gp. Here, we studied the association between MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and patient's response to ABVD chemotherapy regimen.

An intelligent decision support system for quantitative assessment of gastric atrophy.

Aims: To build an automated decision support system to assist pathologists in grading gastric atrophy according to the updated Sydney system.

Methods: A database of 143 biopsies was used to train and examine the proposed system. A panel of three experienced pathologists reached a consensus regarding the grading of the studied biopsies using the visual scale of the updated Sydney system.

Characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a Middle Eastern population.

Objective: To demonstrate the immunohistochemical and epidemiological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in a Middle Eastern population.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all intra-abdominal mesenchymal tumors (excluding childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and small round blue cell tumors) collected from the archives of the Pathology Departments of King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, and King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan between 2001 and 2008. The immunohistochemical profile of all cases was studied at King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan, between January and August 2009.

Inhibition of MEK sensitizes paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells by downregulation of GRP78.

Here we report that paclitaxel induces variable degrees of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Paclitaxel induces multiple arms of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, including upregulation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulatory protein (GRP78) and eukaryotic initiation factor alpha phosphorylation. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway sensitized colorectal cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.

Diaphragm disease of the jejunum.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with the development of diaphragm disease. We report a 73-year-old male patient with this condition who had used NSAIDs for 2 years. He presented with general weakness, syncopal attacks, and a short history of melena.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Analysis of 18 cases.

Objective: To review and evaluate patients with a clinicopathological diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) with emphasis on the diagnostic methods and the effect of socioeconomic status on disease severity.

Methods: Data compiled from the previous history of the patients, clinical, laboratory, radioimaging findings, preoperative, operative, histopathological diagnosis and postoperative follow-up period were analysed. On the basis of presentation, XGP was classified as complicated and simple.

Quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis: a novel automated image analysis method.

Background: Semiquantitative staging of liver fibrosis is a highly subjective procedure and may lead to an uncertainty in judgment regarding the degree of severity and hence the progression of the disease.

Aim: In this work, we present an automated quantification system (AQS) for evaluating the degree of severity of fibrosis in liver biopsies based on Ishak et al.'s classification.