Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls.

Objective: Primary polydipsia is characterized by excessive fluid intake which may suppress vasopressin levels. It is speculated that suppressed vasopressin levels lead to a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as vasopressin co-modulates the HPA axis. However, data are contradictory.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on fluid intake in healthy volunteers.

Purpose: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) reduce appetite and energy intake. Recent findings from animal studies suggest a role of GLP-1 in drinking and water homeostasis. We aimed to elucidate whether GLP-1 RA reduce fluid intake in healthy volunteers.

Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Healthy Volunteers.

Context: Recent findings from animal and human studies indicate that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) modulate stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which may have relevant clinical implications.

Objective: To investigate the influence of GLP-1 RA treatment on HPA axis activity compared with placebo in healthy volunteers.

Design: Double-blind, randomized, crossover study.