Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in patients with chronic functional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial.

Background: Functional constipation includes a set of gastrointestinal symptoms unexplainable by an identifiable underlying physical cause or pathology. The prevalence of this condition is high and there is a need to develop strategies to reduce it. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may be an alternative treatment for chronic functional constipation.

Mediterranean Diet Effect on the Intestinal Microbiota, Symptoms, and Markers in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on the intestinal microbiota by the promotion of bacteria associated with a healthy gut. However, its impact on intestinal fungi, among others, is still unknown, and how it affects digestive symptoms and different biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders has hardly been explored. The present study evaluated the effect of the MD on gut microbial diversity and structure and intestinal symptoms and biomarkers after 6 weeks of dietary intervention in 46 patients with GI disorders.

Effects of Gluten on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders, Migraine, and Dermatitis.

As gluten may trigger gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), its presence or absence in the diet can change the diversity and proportion of gut microbiota. The effects of gluten after six weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with a gluten-free diet (GFD) were studied in participants with GIDs suffering from migraines and atopic dermatitis (n = 46). Clinical biomarkers, digestive symptoms, stool, the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, and zonulin levels were analyzed.

Exogenous Supplementation with DAO Enzyme in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain, muscle tension, joint mobility loss, and several psychological symptoms severely affecting patient well-being. Histamine is naturally degraded in the small intestine by diamine oxidase (DAO). Hereditary or acquired DAO deficiency causes extracellular histamine accumulation, leading to symptoms similar to those of individuals diagnosed with FM.

Effect of MetioNac® in patients with metabolic syndrome who are at risk of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: metabolic syndrome comprises a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity, and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with it. Objective: to evaluate the effect of supplementation with S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylcysteine + thioctic acid + vitamin B6 (MetioNac®) for 3 months on lipidic and biochemical parameters in subjects with metabolic syndrome and at risk of MAFLD. The reduction in body weight and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also evaluated.

Cumulative effect of AOC1 gene variants on symptoms and pathological conditions in adult women with fibromyalgia: a pilot study.

The amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) gene encodes for the diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme. DAO is an enzyme that catabolizes some molecules, including histamine, and is the degradative enzyme in the polyamine catabolic pathway that is active in intestinal mucosal cells. Variants of AOC1 are associated with reduced DAO activity, resulting in accumulation of high levels of histamine and causing a wide range of neurological, gastrointestinal, and epidermal disorders, which are present in people with fibromyalgia.

Prevalence of Genetic Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Deficiency in Female Patients with Fibromyalgia in Spain.

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that metabolizes intestinal histamine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Amine Oxidase Copper Containing 1 () gene can lead to low enzymatic activity or functionality in histamine metabolism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DAO deficiency for four variants of the gene, p.

Knowledge and attitudes towards baby-led-weaning by health professionals and parents: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Baby-led-weaning (BLW) is a novel model of complementary feeding. Although there is little scientific evidence to support the suitability or superiority of this complementary feeding model, BLW is followed by many families today. The aim was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of a group of parents and health professionals regarding BLW in Spain.

Existing differences between available lists of FODMAP-containing foods.

Background And Aim: reduced intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) is useful to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, there is no consensus on which foods should be included in the FODMAP list as FODMAP profile characterization is lacking for many different foods. This study aimed to emphasize the need for a unified FODMAP list to prevent patient confusion.

Knowledge and attitudes towards baby-led-weaning by health professionals and parents: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Baby-led-weaning (BLW) is a novel model of complementary feeding. Although there is little scientific evidence to support the suitability or superiority of this complementary feeding model, BLW is followed by many families today. The aim was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of a group of parents and health professionals regarding BLW in Spain.

Bioavailability of magnesium food supplements: A systematic review.

Objectives: The market for food supplements is booming thanks to their increased consumption. European regulations include different ways in which vitamins and minerals are administered, without making it clear to the consumer whether one formulation has advantages over the other. The aim of this review was to compare the bioavailability of different forms of magnesium and analyze the differences between them.

Effectiveness of an intermittent fasting diet versus continuous energy restriction on anthropometric measurements, body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis.

The effects of an intermittent fasting (IF) diet in the overweight or obese adult population are still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an IF diet to reduce anthropometric parameters (body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference), change body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and muscle mass) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides), and to adhere to the diet in comparison to continuous energy restriction (CER) in overweight or obese adults. A research question PICO (patients, intervention, comparison, outcome) was established.

Gene Influence in the Effectiveness of Plant Sterols Treatment in Children: Pilot Interventional Study.

Cardiovascular disease is linked to high serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. Cardiovascular risk may be indirectly influenced by genetic load. Serum LDL-cholesterol levels may be reduced by the consumption of food enriched with plant sterols (PS).

Lifestyle factors, diet and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spanish children - an observational study.

The aetiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continues to be debated, although several contributing factors have been acknowledged. Assess the association between weight, birth attributes, exercise and sleep habits, dietary intake and adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and impulsive behaviour on Spanish ADHD children. Establish whether specific food groups (not just adherence to the Mediterranean diet) associate with impulsive behaviour.

Modulation of plasma triglycerides concentration by sterol-based treatment in children carrying different genes.

Background: Dyslipidemias have increased during the last decades in children.

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of different polymorphisms in plasma triglyceride levels of children following a dietary treatment with plant sterols.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 26 children (16 women).

Successful Implementation of a Mediterranean Weight Loss Program to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in the Workplace.

Objective: Reducing obesity is a priority for employers seeking to lower the incidence and severity of chronic illness and associated health services. The aim was to identify if a workplace-based dietary intervention monitored by health professionals is effective at reducing obesity, as part of an obesity-control-program at work.

Methods: A 12-week dietary intervention was designed for 102 overweight/obese Spanish employees in Madrid.

Wine and beer within a moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher levels of HDL-c and adiponectin.

The scientific evidence available on the association between moderate alcohol intake and levels of blood cardiometabolic markers is still inconsistent and difficult to interpret for future disease prevention. However, we hypothesize that moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with lower levels of inflammation markers and higher levels of protective cardiometabolic markers. Thus, this work aimed to examine the associations of moderate alcohol intake and the type of alcoholic beverage with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.

Body Composition, Dietary, and Gustatory Function Assessment in People With Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: Observe the association of foods habits, body composition, lifestyle habits, and loss of gustatory function with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: This comparative study enrolled 75 patients with AD (mean age 77.5 years) and 267 healthy volunteers (mean age 73 years).

Genomic Influence in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases with a Sterol-Based Treatment.

Raised serum cholesterol concentration is a well-established risk factor in cardiovascular disease. In addition, genetic load may have an indirect influence on cardiovascular risk. Plant-based sterol-supplemented foods are recommended to help reduce the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.

Nutritional and environmental factors in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and 'unhealthy' diets, and to date there is only one study that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. The aim was to determine the association between those environmental, nutritional, and body composition factors that may affect the pathogenesis and symptomatology of patients with ADHD in Spain.

Methods: A total of 89 children and adolescents (41 with diagnosed ADHD and 48 controls) were studied in an observation case-control study.

Hydration Status: Influence of Exercise and Diet Quality.

Physical activity, adherence to a healthy diet, and healthy beverage pattern are considered essential components of a healthy lifestyle. We aimed to evaluate the associations between physical exercise, diet quality, and total fluid intake, along with fluid recommendations compliance in a sample of adults. Data on fluid intake from different types of beverages were collected in a cross-sectional study, in 1161 men and women between 18 and 65 years of age, using a fluid-specific diary.

[Bad results obtained from the current public health policies and recommendations of hydration].

Introduction: Achieving an adequate intake of water is crucial within a balanced diet. For that purpose, dietary guidelines for healthy eating and drinking are an important consideration and need to be updated and disseminated to the population.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the liquid intake habits of a Mediterranean and Latin American population (Spain-Portugal and Mexico-Uruguay) and if they support the current recommendations of hydration by the EFSA.

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Introducción: la tradición de la comida picante desempeña un papel muy importante en el gusto por este tipo de comida y su tolerancia. Las preferencias alimentarias muestran influencia genética y ambiental.Objetivos: estudiar la tolerancia y el gusto por el picante de tres poblaciones, y la influencia hereditaria y del ambiente.

[Not Available].

Introducción: existen alteraciones frecuentes en la alimentación de la población infantil femenina, y especialmente en atletas de deportes estéticos por la presión ejercida para mantener un cuerpo.Objetivos: evaluar los aspectos nutricionales, antropométricos y la percepción del peso de niñas que realizan gimnasia rítmica frente a un grupo control.Métodos: estudio descriptivo comparativo.

[Not Available].

Introducción: recientemente ha surgido el interés por el posible papel de la microbiota intestinal como agente potenciador del rápido aumento que se está observando en el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en todo el mundo.Objetivos: relacionar las modificaciones que puede ocasionar el consumo de antibióticos en la microflora intestinal con la obesidad.Métodos: se extrajeron, de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud de España, entre los años 2001 y 2011, las cifras de ingesta de antibióticos y la prevalencia (%) de obesidad en el mismo rango de edad, género y año.