Impact of single-nucleotide variants and individual characteristics on adverse events of L-asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction: L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is a key drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, it is commonly associated with the occurrence of adverse events (AE). Risk factors such as age, sex, nutritional status, and some single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in specific genes could be related to hypersensitivity reactions to L-Asp. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of individual characteristics and three SNVs in the and genes on the occurrence of the most significant adverse events caused by the use of L-Asp in Mexican children with ALL.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of L-asparaginase and its impact on the development of pancreatitis and hypersensitivity reactions in children with leukemia under treatment.

L-asparaginase (L-Asp) is an essential enzyme in the treatment of patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), commonly associated with adverse events (AE). Knowing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters of L-Asp as well as its relationship with the development of AE is an important strategy in the search to improve the efficacy and safety of the treatment. Seventy-four children with ALL that were being treated with L-Asp, were included.

Nutritional Status as a Risk Factor for Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in Mexican Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer in the world. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a very useful drug in these patients, however, one of the main adverse effects caused by the use of Dox is cardiotoxicity (CT). Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a factor that, among others, can influence the development of CT due to Dox.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Non-Neurological and Neurological Distemper in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), a multisystemic infectious disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate in dogs. Nanotechnology represents a development opportunity for new molecules with antiviral effects that may become effective treatments in veterinary medicine. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 207 CDV, naturally infected, mixed-breed dogs exhibiting clinical signs of the non-neurological and neurological phases of the disease.

Impact of single-nucleotide variants and nutritional status on population pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin, and its effect on cardiotoxicity in children with leukemia.

Purpose:  Doxorubicin is an important antineoplastic agent with wide interindividual variability in response to treatment and in its cardiotoxic effects. To determine the effect of genotypic status of three single-nucleotide variants in , , and genes and nutritional status assessed by body mass index, on the population pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin and its cardiotoxic effects in pediatric patients with leukemia.

Patients And Methods: Seventy pediatric patients treated with Doxorubicin were studied, in which 189 biological samples were obtained to determine Doxorubicin concentrations (1 to 3 samples per patient) at different times, for 20 h.

Effect of levetiracetam on the gene expression of placental transporters in a murine model.

Objective: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiseizure medication prescribed to women during childbearing age. The impact of LEV on placental transporters is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of LEV exposure on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of placental transporters for hormones and nutrients and to correlate their expression with the drug's serum concentration in pregnant mice.

Association of genetic polymorphisms NCF4 rs1883112, CBR3 rs1056892, and ABCC1 rs3743527 with the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objectives: Cardiotoxicity is a frequent complication secondary to the use of anthracyclines for cancer chemotherapy. Evidence suggests that certain polymorphic genetic variants modify the risk for anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. Reports documenting the impact of genetic polymorphisms on anthracycline-cardiotoxicity risk in pediatric patients with cancers from Latin American countries are scarce.

Genotype Analysis of , and Polymorphism and the Association With Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexican Childhood Population.

The identification of genetic risk factors for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), are increasingly urgent and necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of the genetic polymorphisms rs3743527, rs1883112 and rs1056892 with ALL. DNA samples were obtained in 71 children with ALL (from 2 to 18 years) and in 71 controls without ALL, to determine the polymorphisms by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), using specific TaqMan probes in a StepOne thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, United States).

Synergistic interaction between 4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) and diclofenac: An isobolograpic analysis in Wistar rats.

Clinical and preclinical research that contributes pain palliation has suggested that drugs favor the expected effects and minimize the adverse effects. Among the most widely used strategies is the combination of analgesic drugs among those in the same group, with those in another group of analgesics or with co-adjuvants (nonanalgesic drugs or elements of traditional medicine). This work aims to evaluate the interaction between eugenol (EUG) and diclofenac (DFC) on nociception in the presence of a noxious stimulus through the formalin test and isobolographic analysis.

Milk intake and IGF-1 rs6214 polymorphism as protective factors to obesity.

Mexico ranks 2 in adult obesity and 4 in milk intake worldwide. Low levels of IGF-1 have been related to obesity and can be reverted by milk intake. The rs6214 polymorphism has been associated with an increase in the expression of IGF-1.

Recurrent epibulbar dermoid cyst treated with amniotic membrane implant a case report.

Background: The dermoid cyst considered a cystic teratoma derived from embryonic germinal epithelium is a slow-growing benign tumour. Dermoid cysts may occur in the orbital and periorbital region in paediatric patients and are often recurrent. The surgical approach depends upon the site of the lesion, superficial or deep.

Clinical applications of pharmacogenomics.

Pharmacogenomics is an emergent field aimed at tailoring pharmacological therapy. Genetic polymorphisms can modify the expression and function of enzymes and proteins involved in drug metabolism, affecting absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion as well as the drug-target interaction. Therefore, the presence of allelic variants will classify people as poor, extensive or rapid/ultra rapid metabolizers, modifying drug efficacy and safety.

Genetic Polymorphisms Associated to Folate Transport as Predictors of Increased Risk for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexican Children.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a frequent neoplasia occurring in children. The most commonly used drug for the treatment of ALL is methotrexate (MTX), an anti-folate agent. Previous studies suggest that folate transporters play a role in ALL prognosis and that genetic polymorphism of genes encoding folate transporters may increase the risk of ALL.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Mexican Children With Severe Malnutrition.

Background: To develop a population pharmacokinetic model of gentamicin in children with complicated severe malnutrition and to study the influence of covariates (weight and age) on pharmacokinetic indices. In addition, we use the model to perform Monte Carlo simulations to explore the efficacy of several dosage regimens.

Methods: Twenty-six children with severe complicated malnutrition were studied.

Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in preterm and term neonates with gastroesophageal reflux.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gestational age on pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in newborns with gastroesophageal reflux.

Methods: A prospective, descriptive and pharmacokinetic study was carried out in 30 pre-term and 20 full-term babies. 3 mg/kg of ranitidine was administered intravenously to all the babies and at 0.

Involvement of MTHFR and TPMT genes in susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Mexicans.

Background: Folate metabolism plays an essential role in the processes of DNA synthesis and methylation. Deviations in the folate flux resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding folate-dependent enzymes may affect the susceptibility to leukemia. This case-control study aimed to assess associations among MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) and TPMT (*2, *3A) mutations as well as to evaluate the synergistic effects of combined genotypes for both genes.

Association of ABCB1, ABCC5 and xanthine oxidase genetic polymorphisms with methotrexate adverse reactions in Mexican pediatric patients with ALL.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most frequent oncological disorders in pediatric populations. To date, the drug of choice for the treatment of ALL is methotrexate, a drug associated with a high risk of adverse reactions (ADRs). The xanthine oxidase (XO) polymorphisms, 1936A>G and 2107A>G, as well as the polymorphic variants derived from ATP-binding cassette transporter gene subfamilies, ABCB1 and ABCC5, of drug resistant codifying genes, are implicated as precursors of drug-related neurologic, hepatic, and renal toxicities.

[Pharmacology for the fetus and the newborn].

During intrauterine life, the fetus can be exposed to a series of substances ingested by the mother, some of which are necessary for her health but detrimental to fetus. The noxious effects of such exposure could present immediately after exposure in the fetus or be manifested at the time of delivery and sometimes weeks after birth. The passage of drugs or nutrients across the placenta depends on some physicochemicals that have the ability to cross the placenta barrier, and thus get in contact with the fetus and produce harmful effects.

Leptin levels and nutritional status of indigenous Tepehuán and Mestizo subjects in Durango, Mexico.

The aim of this study was to assess differences in nutritional status and their association with circulating leptin levels in the indigenous Tepehuán people of Mezquital Durango and Mestizo populations of Durango City, Mexico. A group of 128 volunteers aged 18 through 59 years were recruited for the study: 60 indigenous Tepehuán from Mezquital and 68 Mestizo individuals from Durango City. The classification of nutritional status was through body mass index (BMI).

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt system].

Background: Pediatric patients with hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt systems are not exempt from suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Today, with technological advances it would be controversial to not offer the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. To date, no studies have been carried out comparing different techniques to assess the best way to prevent intracranial hypertension.

Biochemical differences in ethnic groups in Durango, Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess biochemical differences between Tepehuano indigenous people, and Mennonite and Mestizo populations of Durango, Mexico.

Methods: Our study involved 334 volunteers aged 15 to 80 years; 132 Mennonite and 130 Mestizo individuals from Nuevo Ideal Municipality and 72 Tepehuano indigenous people from Mezquital Durango were evaluated. A clinical history and fast determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, urea and creatinine were performed on each studied case.