Membrane prohibitin forms a dynamic complex with p56 to regulate T cell receptor signaling.

Prohibitin is a highly conserved ubiquitously expressed protein involved in several key cellular functions. Targeting of this protein in the membrane by the virulence polysaccharide, Vi, of human typhoid-causing pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), results in suppression of IL-2 secretion from T cells activated through the T-cell receptor (TCR).

ATP Release Drives Inflammation with Lysophosphatidylcholine.

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a dominant lipid component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, plays a major role in inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. It activates inflammatory responses from macrophages, neuronal cells, and endothelial cells. However, the exact mechanism by which LPC promotes inflammation remains incompletely understood.

Lysophosphatidylcholine Potentiates Antibacterial Activity of Polymyxin B.

Polymyxin B, used to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, produces nephrotoxicity at its current dosage. We show that a combination of nonbactericidal concentration of this drug and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) potently inhibits growth of and at least two other Gram-negative bacteria This combination makes bacterial membrane porous and causes degradation of DnaK, the regulator of protein folding. Polymyxin B-LPC combination may be an effective and safer regimen against drug-resistant bacteria.

Serum-borne lipids amplify TLR-activated inflammatory responses.

TLRs recognize conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns and generate innate immune responses. Several circulating and cell membrane associated proteins have been shown to collaborate with TLRs in sensing microbial ligands and promoting inflammatory responses. Here, we show that serum and serum-borne lipids including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) amplify inflammatory responses from intestinal epithelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes primed with microbial TLR ligands.

Innate Activation of IFN-γ-iNOS Axis During Infection With Represses the Ability of T Cells to Produce IL-2.

Pathogenic serovars are a major cause of enteric illness in humans and animals, and produce clinical manifestations ranging from localized gastroenteritis to systemic disease. T cells are a critical component of immunity against this intracellular pathogen. The mechanisms by which modulates T-cell-mediated immune responses in order to establish systemic infection are not completely understood.

Three dimensional ion-acoustic rogons in quantized anisotropic magnetoplasmas with trapped/untrapped electrons.

Three-dimensional (3D) modulational instability (MI) and ion-acoustic (IA) envelopes are studied in a quantized degenerate magnetoplasma, whose constituents are the trapped/untrapped electrons and anisotropic positive ions. By using quantum hydrodynamic equations and the multiscale reductive perturbation technique, a 3D nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived to account for electron quantization and ion pressure anisotrophy effects. The potential excitations are shown stable (unstable) against the perturbations for K<0(K>0), where K is a critical parameter that accounts for the longitudinal (transverse) dispersion(s) and nonlinearity effects.

Risk Factors for Failure of Direct Current Cardioversion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Atrial Fibrillation.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is higher among patients with T2DM. Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is an important management option in persistent AF. We sought to determine independent risk factors for immediate and short-term outcomes of DCCV for treatment of AF in patients with T2DM.

Pattern Of Presentation Among Adults Hospitalized With Dengue Disease.

Background: Dengue is a mosquito born viral infection that has rapidly spread in the world particularly in Southeast Asia. The aim of this hospital based study was to see the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics in adults with dengue infection in Hazara region of Northern Pakistan.

Methods: This is a descriptive study.

The Efficacy of Platelets Rich Plasma Injection in the Superior Joint Space of the Tempromandibular Joint Guided by Ultra Sound in Patients with Non-reducing Disk Displacement.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine average improvement during the rest and active mouth opening after ultrasound guided platelets rich plasma injection in the tempromandibular superior joint space for the patients complaining from non-reducing disk displacement.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-four patients with non-reducing disk displacement underwent guided ultrasound injection of platelet rich plasma to the upper joint space. The extent of maximal mouth opening, chewing efficiency, sound intensity of the TMJ, and tenderness of the TMJ and the masticatory muscles at rest, motion and mastication were thoroughly assessed at the beginning of the study and scheduled for next follow-up at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months.

Temporal arteritis with erythrocyte sedimentation rate <50 mm/h: a clinical reminder.

Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is a systemic vasculitis that predominantly involves the temporal arteries. It is a medical emergency and should be treated promptly as it can lead to permanent loss of vision. It is very commonly associated with a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), usually >50 mm/h, one of the essential criteria defined by the American College of Rheumatology classification of GCA.

Training requirements for point of care ultrasound in acute medicine.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to explore the ultrasound training requirements in acute medicine by comparing the ultrasound skill of an acute medicine trainee (AMT) with that of the radiology department following short ultrasound training.

Results: 43 participants (34 males and 9 females).The mean age was 58 (range 20-93 years).