Ethical Issues in Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death: A Scoping Review to Reveal Areas of Broad Consensus, and Those for Future Research.

Uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death (uDCD) protocols are established in several countries with good outcomes. We reviewed the literature between 1997 and 2024 to identify ethical issues. 33 papers were identified.

Diagnostic inequalities relating to physical healthcare among people with mental health conditions: a systematic review.

Background: Inaccurate diagnosis of physical health problems in people with mental health conditions may contribute to poorer health outcomes. We review the evidence on whether individuals with mental health conditions are at risk of diagnostic inequalities related to their physical health.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL, 1 September 2002-18 Septemebr 2024 (PROSPERO 2022: CRD42022375892).

A realist review of how, why, for whom and in which contexts quality improvement in healthcare impacts inequalities.

Introduction: Quality improvement (QI) is aimed at improving care. Equity is one of the six domains of healthcare quality, as defined by the Institute of Medicine. If this domain is ignored, QI projects have the potential to maintain or even worsen inequalities.

Influences on safety of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring practices: a scoping review.

Objectives: Suboptimal intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring using cardiotocography has remained a persistent problem (EFM-CTG). We aimed to identify the range of influences on the safety of using EFM-CTG in practice.

Design: Scoping review to identify influences related to the practice of intrapartum EFM.

Influences on the physical activity behaviour of inpatients after stroke outside of staff-led rehabilitation sessions: a systematic review.

Objective: To use behavioural science frameworks to synthesise evidence on the factors influencing physical activity of patients hospitalised after stroke outside of staff-led rehabilitation sessions.

Data Sources: A systematic review of qualitative and mixed-methods studies. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and AMED were searched from inception to October 2024 for studies that explored influences on the physical activity of patients hospitalised after stroke.

Self-care towards the end of life: A systematic review and narrative synthesis on access, quality and cost.

Background: Policy and practice encourages patients to engage in self-care, with individual patient management and remote monitoring of disease. Much is known of the moderate stage of chronic disease, without a clear understanding of how self-care applies towards the end of life.

Aim: To review the current evidence on practices of self-care in life-limiting conditions and its impacts on healthcare utilisation, quality of life and associated costs.

Biomarkers Suitable for Early Detection of Intrathoracic Cancers in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.

Intrathoracic cancers, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma, present diagnostic challenges in primary care. Biomarkers could resolve some challenges. We synthesized evidence on biomarker performance for intrathoracic cancer detection in low-prevalence settings.

Lived experience of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Background: Hypertensive disorders are major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting ∼10% pregnancies worldwide.

Objective: Understanding the lived experience of women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy is important to inform best practice and provide holistic care.

Study Design: This is a systematic review and meta-synthesis of studies containing qualitative components relating to direct lived experience of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

A scoping review of interventions to address TB associated respiratory disability.

There is a growing body of data describing a high burden of respiratory morbidity amongst pulmonary TB patients and survivors, with up to half thought to experience residual respiratory symptoms, abnormal spirometry, or structural pathology after TB treatment completion. Many patients experiencing marked impacts on their lives and livelihoods. However, there remain no guidelines or evidence-based frameworks for integrated TB-respiratory care during or post TB treatment completion.

Is there scope to do better? Clinical communication with adolescents and young adults with cancer-A scoping review.

Introduction: How to communicate effectively with adolescent and young adults with cancer (AYACs) is a research priority. In a UK-wide survey of young people with cancer's research priorities, communication was a striking cross-cutting theme. It is increasingly recognised that AYACs have experiences and communication needs that differ significantly from those of younger children and older adults.

Reducing health inequalities through general practice: a realist review and action framework.

Background: Socio-economic inequalities in health have been in the public agenda for decades. General practice has an influential role to play in mitigating the impact of inequalities especially regarding chronic conditions. At the moment, general practice is dealing with serious challenges in relation to workforce shortages, increasing workload and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Population-level interventions for the primary prevention of dementia: a complex evidence review.

Unlabelled: Dementia risk reduction is a global public health priority. Existing primary prevention approaches have favored individual-level interventions, with a research and policy gap for population-level interventions. We conducted a complex, multi-stage, evidence review to identify empirical evidence on population-level interventions for each of the modifiable risk factors identified by the Lancet Commission on dementia (2020).

Changes in medical student attendance and its impact on student educational outcomes: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical education, with many institutions shifting to online learning to ensure the safety of students and staff. However, there has been a decline in in-person attendance at medical schools across the UK and worldwide following the relaxation of social distancing rules and the reinstation of in-person teaching. Importantly, this trend has been observed prior to the pandemic.

Triadic communication with teenagers and young adults with cancer: a systematic literature review - 'make me feel like I'm not the third person'.

Objectives: Clinical communication needs of teenagers and young adults with cancer (TYACs) are increasingly recognised to differ significantly from younger children and older adults. We sought to understand who is present with TYACs, TYACs' experiences of triadic communication and its impact. We generated three research questions to focus this review: (1) Who is present with TYACs in healthcare consultations/communication?, (2) What are TYACs' experiences of communication with the supporter present? and (3) What is the impact of a TYAC's supporter being present in the communication?

Design: Systematic review with narrative synthesis.

What impact do self-referral and direct access pathways for patients have on health inequalities?

Background: There is increasing interest in self-referral and direct access as alternatives pathways to care to improve patient access to specialist services. The impact of these pathways on health inequalities is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the impact of self-referral and direct access pathways on inequalities in health care use.

Quality and reporting of large-scale improvement programmes: a review of maternity initiatives in the English NHS, 2010-2023.

Background: Large-scale improvement programmes are a frequent response to quality and safety problems in health systems globally, but have mixed impact. The extent to which they meet criteria for programme quality, particularly in relation to transparency of reporting and evaluation, is unclear.

Aim: To identify large-scale improvement programmes focused on intrapartum care implemented in English National Health Service maternity services in the period 2010-2023, and to conduct a structured quality assessment.

Population-level interventions for the primary prevention of dementia: a complex evidence review.

Background: Dementia is a leading, global public health challenge. Recent evidence supporting a decrease in age-specific incidence of dementia in high-income countries (HICs) suggests that risk reduction is possible through improved life-course public health. Despite this, efforts to date have been heavily focused on individual-level approaches, which are unlikely to significantly reduce dementia prevalence or inequalities in dementia.

Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus in children and adolescents: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: Existing clinical trials of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus (CBTs-TF) are underpowered to examine key variables that might moderate treatment effects. We aimed to determine the efficacy of CBTs-TF for young people, relative to passive and active control conditions, and elucidate putative individual-level and treatment-level moderators.

Methods: This was an individual participant data meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomised studies in young people aged 6-18 years exposed to trauma.

Implementing patient-centred outcome measures in palliative care clinical practice for adults (IMPCOM): Protocol for an update systematic review of facilitators and barriers.

: Despite the development of patient-centred or patient-reported outcome measures (PCOMs or PROMs) in palliative and end-of-life care over recent years, their routine use in practice faces continuing challenges. : To update a highly cited literature review, identify and synthesise new evidence on facilitators, barriers, lessons learned, PCOMs used, models of implementation, implementation outcomes, costs, and consequences of implementing PCOMs in palliative care clinical practice. : We will search MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, SCI-Expanded, SSCI, ESCI, and BNI.

The impact of phosphodiesterase inhibition on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on neurobehavioral outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019150639).

A critical interpretive synthesis of the lived experiences and health and patient-reported outcomes of people living with COPD who isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: To determine the lived experiences of people with COPD who isolated at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and explore how these experiences affected health and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: Keyword searches were performed in five bibliographic databases. Critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) methods were used to interrogate and understand patterns across studies.

Reducing health inequalities through general practice.

Although general practice can contribute to reducing health inequalities, existing evidence provides little guidance on how this reduction can be achieved. We reviewed interventions influencing health and care inequalities in general practice and developed an action framework for health professionals and decision makers. We conducted a realist review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews of interventions into health inequality in general practice.