A realist review of best practices and contextual factors enhancing treatment of opioid dependence in Indigenous contexts.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine international literature to identify best practices for treatment of opioid dependence in Indigenous contexts.

Methods: We utilized a systematic search to identify relevant literature. The literature was analysed using a realist review methodology supported by a two-step knowledge contextualization process, including a Knowledge Holders Gathering to initiate the literature search and analysis, and five consensus-building meetings to focus and synthesize relevant findings.