The gut microbiome of obese postpartum women with and without previous gestational diabetes mellitus and the gut microbiota of their babies.

Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide, and has been associated with some changes in the gut microbiota. Studies have shown that the maternal gut microbiota pattern with hyperglycemia can be transmitted to the offspring. The study aimed to evaluate the gut microbiota of obese postpartum women with and without previous GDM and their offspring.

Gut Microbiota across Normal Gestation and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Analysis.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels to pathogenic conditions remains incompletely understood, and it is speculated that the maternal microbiome may play an important role. This study analyzes the gut microbiota composition in each trimester of weight-matched women with and without GDM and examines possible bacterial genera associations with GDM.

Impact of menopause and diabetes on atherogenic lipid profile: is it worth to analyse lipoprotein subfractions to assess cardiovascular risk in women?

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women at advanced age, who are affected a decade later compared to men. Cardiovascular risk factors in women are not properly investigated nor treated and events are frequently lethal. Both menopause and type 2 diabetes substantially increase cardiovascular risk in the female sex, promoting modifications on lipid metabolism and circulating lipoproteins.

Enterotype May Drive the Dietary-Associated Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Analyses of typical bacterial clusters in humans named enterotypes may facilitate understanding the host differences in the cardiometabolic profile. It stills unknown whether the three previously described enterotypes were present in populations living below the equator. We examined how the identification of enterotypes could be useful to explain the dietary associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian subjects.

Nutritionists' Health Study cohort: a web-based approach of life events, habits and health outcomes.

Introduction: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) represent a burden for public health. Alongside the established cardiometabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, living habits and nutritional status at different stages of life are seen as contributors to this scenario. Gut microbiota composition and subclinical inflammation have been pointed out as underlying mechanisms of NCCDs.

The e-NutriHS: a web-based system for a Brazilian cohort study.

The e-NutriHS is a web-based system developed to gather online information on health of a cohort of college students and graduates in nutrition. It consists of six validated and internationally recognized questionnaires regarding demographic and socioeconomic data, dietary habits, physical activity level, alcohol and tobacco use, anti-fat attitudes and personal and family histories. Our software and respective database is hosted in the School of Public Health server and is based on free programming languages.

Reassessing lipid metabolism and its potentialities in the prediction of cardiovascular risk.

There are numerous particles, enzymes, and mechanisms in the lipid metabolism that are involved in the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given its prevalence in populations and its impact on mortality, it is relevant to review the lipid metabolism as it may potentially provide subsidies to better prediction. This article reviews the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comments on the potential of novel lipid biomarkers involved in the physiopathology of CVD.

[Intestinal microbiota and cardiometabolic risk: mechanisms and diet modulation].

The gut microbiota obtained after birth is composed of a large range of bacteria that play different roles in the human host, such as nutrient uptake, protection against pathogens and immune modulation. The intestinal bacterial content is not completely known, but it is influenced by internal, and mainly by external factors, which modulate its composition and function. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota differs in lean and obese individuals, and in individuals with different food habits.

Is plasma alpha-tocopherol associated with electronegative LDL in obese adolescents?

Obesity has increased in children and adolescents. What is reflected in the early occurrence of cardiometabolic alterations, like hypertension and type 2 diabetes, where the oxLDL formation is stimulated. Various studies have shown that plasma α-tocopherol (α-TP) can protect LDL against oxidation.

Influence of obesity and cardiometabolic makers on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity in adolescents: the healthy young cross-sectional study.

Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity (Lp-PLA2) is a good marker of cardiovascular risk in adults. It is strongly associated with stroke and many others cardiovascular events. Despite this, the impact of obesity on this enzyme activity and its relation to biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adolescents is not very well investigated.

Antioxidant and inflammatory aspects of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂): a review.

The association of cardiovascular events with Lp-PLA2 has been studied continuously today. The enzyme has been strongly associated with several cardiovascular risk markers and events. Its discovery was directly related to the hydrolysis of the platelet-activating factor and oxidized phospholipids, which are considered protective functions.

Electronegative low-density lipoprotein: origin and impact on health and disease.

Oxidative modifications in lipoproteins (LP), especially in low-density lipoproteins (LDL), are associated with initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The levels of a sub-fraction of LDL with oxidative characteristics, named electronegative LDL [LDL(-)], minimally oxidized LDL, and minus LDL, are known to be increased in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, patients undergoing hemodialysis, and athletes after aerobic exercise. In addition to the oxidative profile, physical and biological characteristics of LDL(-) consist of nonenzymatic glycosylation, increased expression and activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), enriched NEFA content, hemoglobin and ApoB-100 cross-linking, and increase in ApoC-III and ApoE in LDL.

Electronegative low-density lipoprotein is associated with dense low-density lipoprotein in subjects with different levels of cardiovascular risk.

Dyslipidemias and physicochemical changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are very important factors for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, pathophysiological properties of electronegative low-density lipoprotein [LDL(-)] remain a controversial issue. Our objective was to investigate LDL(-) content in LDL and its subfractions (phenotypes A and B) of subjects with different cardiovascular risk.

[Impact of C-reactive protein on cardiovascular risk in adolescents].

Background: Several studies suggest that C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with coronary artery disease in adults. However, this association has not been thoroughly explored in cases of adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the association between CRP and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents.

Anti-oxLDL autoantibodies and their correlation with lipid profile and nutritional status in adolescents.

Objective: To investigate whether levels of autoantibodies to oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) in the plasma of adolescents correlates with their anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles.

Methods: The study enrolled 150 adolescents aged between 10 and 15 years, recruited from the obesity clinic at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (SP) and from public schools in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index and waist and arm circumferences were used to classify the adolescents as having healthy weight, overweight or obesity.