F-wave motor unit numbers do not change in diabetic polyneuropathy: does it indicate a pathophysiologic mechanism for generating F-waves?

Objectives: Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) methods including the one using F-waves (F-MUNE) are used to detect axonal loss in polyneuropathies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the amount of axonal loss by repeater F-wave parameters and F-MUNE in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: In 24 controls and 49 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy, 90 F-waves elicited with supramaximal and 300 F-waves with submaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve were recorded from the abductor digiti minimi muscle.

Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists for cerebral venous thrombosis (DOAC-CVT): an international, prospective, observational cohort study.

Background: There is an unmet need for high-quality data from prospective studies on the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of DOACs versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for the treatment of CVT in a setting that reflects daily clinical practice.

Methods: DOAC-CVT was an international, prospective, observational cohort study done in 65 hospitals in 23 countries across five continents.

COVID-19 vaccination-related headache showed two different clusters in the long-term course: a prospective multicenter follow-up study (COVA-Head Study).

Background: Although acute headache following COVID-19 vaccination is widely acknowledged, the long-term progression of these headaches remains poorly understood. Our objective was to identify various phenotypes of prolonged or worsened headaches associated with COVID-19 vaccination and document any changes in these phenotypes over an extended period. Additionally, we aimed to document the diverse headache presentations among patients with pre-existing primary headaches.

Leukoencephalopathy With Brain Stem and Spinal Cord Involvement and Lactate Elevation (LBSL): A Case With Long-term Follow-up.

Introduction: Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is caused by a recessive mutation in the DARS2 gene and can be recognized by specific magnetic resonance imaging patterns.

Case Report: A girl who developed leg tremors at age 4 years was diagnosed at age 17 years with LBSL -after evolution of ataxia and sensory loss. Examination at age 29 revealed mild spastic gait, ataxia, and sensory loss, and she did not require assistance to walk.

Assessment of sleep pattern and quality before and after liver transplantation using different methods.

Background/aims: Sleep disorders (SDs) are frequently seen in patients with liver cirrhosis. Polysomnography (PSG), actigraphy, and electroencephalogram (EEG) are the common objective methods to diagnose SDs. The most commonly used subjective methods are the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).