Validation of ACR TI-RADS performance in transition age: results from a multicenter retrospective study by the TALENT study group.

Purpose: Although thyroid nodules are less common in the pediatric population, the risk of malignancy is higher than in adult patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic predictive factors of malignancy in thyroid nodules and to validate American College of Radiologists (ACR) TI-RADS performance in transition age patients.

Methods: One hundred forty-two patients aged between 14 and 21 years referred to the participating centers for FNA biopsy of a thyroid nodule between 2007 and 2022 were included and ultrasound reports and sonographic images were retrospectively analyzed.

Impact of Female Sex and Mild Cortisol Secretion on Coagulation Profile in Adrenal Incidentalomas.

Context: Studies describing the coagulation profile in adrenal adenomas still need to be added.

Objective: We explored how sex and mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) affect coagulation parameters in patients with adrenal adenomas.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Circadian clock disruption impairs immune oscillation in chronic endogenous hypercortisolism: a multi-level analysis from a multicentre clinical trial.

Background: Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent entrainers of the circadian clock. However, their effects on biological rhythms in chronic human exposure have yet to be studied. Endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing's Syndrome, CS) is a rare condition in which circadian disruption is sustained by a tumorous source of GC excess, offering the unique opportunity to investigate GC's chronic effects in vivo.

Management of infections for patient treated with ibrutinib in clinical practice.

Ibrutinib, a highly effective inhibitor of the Bruton tyrosine kinase, has significantly transformed the therapeutic approach in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite these advancements, the disease continues to be characterized by immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infections, with mortality rates from infections showing no significant improvement over the past few decades. Therefore, timely prevention, recognition, and treatment of infections remains an important aspect of the standard management of a patient with CLL.

"Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP)-Part-1".

Purpose: Andrological pathologies in the adulthood are often the results of conditions that originate during childhood and adolescence and sometimes even during gestation and neonatal period. Unfortunately, the reports in the literature concerning pediatric andrological diseases are scares and mainly concerning single issues. Furthermore, no shared position statement are so far available.

Testicular ultrasonographic features predict future risk for bilateral testicular germ cell tumour: A long-term single centre follow-up study.

Background: Bilateral testicular germ cell tumours (B-GCT) are rare, with an incidence of 2-5%, and can be classified as synchronous (sB-GCT) or metachronous (mB-GCT). Our study aimed to identify clinical, biochemical, and radiological risk factors for mB-GCT in a cohort of patients with GCT at a single tertiary referral centre.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included patients with GCT referred to Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University of Rome, from 2005 to 2023.

"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research activities: A survey of the largest Italian academic community".

Purpose: The aim of the present work is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research activities in a vast multidisciplinary academic community to identify the most critical issues.

Method: To this purpose we planned a survey addressed to the entire academic research staff at "Sapienza" University of Rome, which represents the largest Italian academic community. A questionnaire consisting of both open and closed-ended questions was delivered to 4118 individuals in April 2021.

Phase 3 Trial of Crinecerfont in Adult Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Background: Adrenal insufficiency in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is treated with glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Control of adrenal-derived androgen excess usually requires supraphysiologic glucocorticoid dosing, which predisposes patients to glucocorticoid-related complications. Crinecerfont, an oral corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor antagonist, lowered androstenedione levels in phase 2 trials involving patients with CAH.

Long-term pasireotide-LAR treatment in the personalized therapy of patients with complex acromegaly: a collection of clinical experiences.

Pasireotide-LAR is recommended as a second-line treatment for patients with acromegaly. Although the effects of pasireotide-LAR have been well characterized in clinical studies, real-practice evidence is scant, especially in the long term and within the individualization of therapy in patients with comorbidities. To provide additional insight on the individualized approach to acromegaly management, six clinical cases of complex acromegaly treated with pasireotide-LAR for more than 5 years were reported.

Cardiac magnetic resonance reveals biventricular impairment in Cushing's syndrome: a multicentre case-control study.

Purpose: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with severe cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the non-invasive gold standard for assessing cardiac structure and function; however, few CMR studies explore cardiac remodeling in patients exposed to chronic glucocorticoid (GC) excess. We aimed to describe the CMR features directly attributable to previous GC exposure in patients with cured or treated endogenous CS.

Total osteocalcin levels are independently associated with worse testicular function and a higher degree of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation in Klinefelter syndrome.

Purpose: The role of osteocalcin (OCN) in pubertal development, male hypogonadism, and the effect of testosterone (Te) replacement therapy (TRT) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the total OCN (tOCN) concentrations in male patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), a model of adult hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study investigated 254 male patients with KS (47,XXY) between 2007 and 2021 at an academic referral center, categorized as (1) prepubertal, (2) pubertal, and (3) adults.

Iron overload disorders: Growth and gonadal dysfunction in childhood and adolescence.

Hemochromatosis (HC) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of iron in the body, resulting in organ damage. Endocrine complications are particularly common, especially when the condition manifests in childhood or adolescence, when HC can adversely affect linear growth or pubertal development, with significant repercussions on quality of life even into adulthood. Therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis of these disorders is mandatory, but sometimes complex for hematologists without endocrinological support.

Venous thromboembolism in Cushing syndrome: results from an EuRRECa and Endo-ERN survey.

Background: Patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the current management of new cases of CS with a focus on VTE and thromboprophylaxis.

Design And Methods: A survey was conducted within those that report in the electronic reporting tool (e-REC) of the European Registries for Rare Endocrine Conditions (EuRRECa) and the involved main thematic groups (MTG's) of the European Reference Networks for Rare Endocrine Disorders (Endo-ERN) on new patients with CS from January 2021 to July 2022.

Exploring sexual function in adrenal insufficiency: findings from the Dual RElease hydrocortisone versus conventionAl glucocorticoid replaceMent therapy in hypocortisolism (DREAM) trial.

Background: Data on sexual function in patients with adrenal insufficiency are scarce and largely controversial.

Objectives: To investigate sexual dysfunction in patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency and the effects of switching to once-daily dual-release hydrocortisone on sexual function in outcome assessors blinded, randomized, multicenter, active comparator clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-nine adrenal insufficiency patients on conventional, multiple daily doses of glucocorticoid replacement, enrolled in the Dual RElease hydrocortisone versus conventionAl glucocorticoid replaceMent in hypocortisolism (DREAM) trial, were randomly assigned to continue their therapy or to switch to an equivalent dose of dual-release hydrocortisone.

Predicting postoperative hypocortisolism in patients with non-aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma: a retrospective single-centre study.

Background: Limited information exists on postoperative hypocortisolism and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis recovery in patients with adrenal incidentaloma following unilateral adrenalectomy. We evaluated frequency of postoperative hypocortisolism and predictors for recovery in non-aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma patients after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 32 adrenal incidentaloma patients originally included in the ITACA trial (NCT04127552) with confirmed non-aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy from September 2019 to April 2023 was conducted.

Ketogenic nutritional therapy (KeNuT)-a multi-step dietary model with meal replacements for the management of obesity and its related metabolic disorders: a consensus statement from the working group of the Club of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)-diet therapies in endocrinology and metabolism.

Purpose: The ketogenic nutritional therapy (KeNuT) is an effective dietary treatment for patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and some type of cancers. However, to date an official document on the correct prescription of the ketogenic diet, validated by authoritative societies in nutrition or endocrine sciences, is missing. It is important to emphasize that the ketogenic nutritional therapy requires proper medical supervision for patient selection, due to the complex biochemical implications of ketosis and the need for a strict therapeutic compliance, and an experienced nutritionist for proper personalization of the whole nutritional protocol.

From Klinefelter Syndrome to High Grade Aneuploidies: Expanding the Gene-dosage Effect of Supernumerary X Chromosomes.

Objective: High-grade aneuploidies of X and Y sex chromosomes (HGAs) are exceedingly rare and complex conditions. We aimed to investigate the effect of supernumerary X chromosomes (extra-Xs) on the clinical, hormonal, metabolic, and echocardiographic features of patients with HGAs.

Design And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared 23 subjects with HGAs and 46 age-matched subjects with 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome (KS), according to the number of extra-Xs: two (47,XXY and 48,XXYY), three (48,XXXY and 49,XXXYY), or four supernumerary Xs (49,XXXXY).