Laryngeal Cancer Screening During Flexible Video Laryngoscopy Using Large Computer Vision Models.

Objective: Develop an artificial intelligence assisted computer vision model to screen for laryngeal cancer during flexible laryngoscopy.

Methods: Using laryngeal images and flexible laryngoscopy video recordings, we developed computer vision models to classify video frames for usability and cancer screening. A separate model segments any identified lesions on the frames.

Tongue and Mandibular Disorders of the Pediatric Patient.

Robin sequence, macroglossia, and ankyloglossia are disorders affecting the tongue and mandible in the pediatric population. Each of these can have a significant impact on breathing, feeding, speech, dentition, and craniofacial growth. This review discusses the interdependent and coordinated development of both the tongue and mandible, the functional impacts of these disorders, and appropriate management strategies.

Implication of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) on tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy outcomes.

Background: The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical status classification (ASA-PS) is a simple categorization of a patient's physiological status during the perioperative period. The role of ASA-PS in predicting operative risk and complications following tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (T ± A) has not been studied. The objective of the study was to identify the association of the pre-operative ASA-PS with 30-day complication rates and adverse events following T ± A.

Telehealth Adoption and Perspectives Among Pediatric Otolaryngologists Following the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: To assess use of and physician experiences with pediatric otolaryngology telehealth visits as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design/setting: Cross sectional survey.

Methods: A 15-question survey was electronically distributed to 656 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in August 2021, addressing member demographics, experiential practice elements, and use pre-pandemic, during the initial shutdown period of March-May 2020, and current use at the time of survey inquiry.

Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for multifocal unilateral Warthin's tumor after partial parotidectomy.

Introduction: Warthin's tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, is one of the most common benign salivary gland neoplasms. The current first-line treatment for Warthin's tumor is parotidectomy. However, surgical resection has the risk of complications including facial nerve weakness and Frey's syndrome.

Administration of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Acetaminophen for Improved Postoperative Pain Management in Primary Palatoplasty.

Objective: Suboptimal pain management after primary palatoplasty (PP) may lead to complications such as hypoxemia, and increased hospital length of stay. Opioids are the first option for postoperative acute pain control after PP; however, adverse effects include excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and death, among others. Thus, optimizing postoperative pain control using opioid-sparing techniques is critically important.

Impact of the novel coronavirus on surgical practices at a tertiary pediatric hospital: A 3 year cross-sectional study.

Objective: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) forced unprecedented changes in pediatric otolaryngology workflow in the early pandemic, particularly due to the postponement of elective procedures. In turn, this has impacted timely treatment of patients and ability to train residents and fellows. The objective is to characterize how surgical practices in pediatric otolaryngology have been impacted by the pandemic through a cross sectional analysis over three years.

Perceived Impact of USMLE Step 1 Score Reporting to Pass/Fail on Otolaryngology Applicant Selection.

Objectives: Recently, the decision was made to transition the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score from a three-digit numerical score to a pass/fail system. Historically, Step 1 scores have been important for otolaryngology resident applicant selection. The purpose of this study was to understand and evaluate otolaryngology residency program directors' (OPDs) opinions on the impact following the change in Step 1 score reporting.

Pediatric tracheostomy surveillance.

We report an unusual case of a 14-month-old ex-28 week, ventilator-dependent male with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and tracheostomy at 2 months of age. Lost to follow-up, at age 9 months, he presented to the emergency department with worsening respiratory distress. The patient was taken to the operating room at which time direct visualization of the airway demonstrated a mass filling the entire glottic inlet without supraglottic or pharyngeal mucosal attachments.

Adverse Effects of Chronic Steroid use Following Thyroidectomy.

Background: Prior to thyroid surgery, a subset of patients chronically uses steroids to manage medical conditions such as Grave's disease, auto-immune conditions, or organ transplantation. Existing literature describes adverse effects of prolonged steroid use on surgical outcomes, however there remains a paucity of data investigating the specific effects of steroid use on postoperative outcomes after thyroidectomy. This study aims to identify complication risks steroid users are predisposed to after thyroidectomy.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Management After Primary Palatoplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Controls.

Objective: To analyze safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after primary palatoplasty (PP).

Design: Consecutive cohort of patients undergoing PP, comparing to historical controls. A large academic children's hospital.

Administration of Single-Dose Antibiotic Does Not Decrease Oronasal Fistula Rates After Primary Palatoplasty.

Objective: Oronasal fistula (ONF) is a known complication after primary palatoplasty (PP). Studies investigating the effect of perioperative antibiotics on fistula rates after PP are limited by inadequate sample size or reliance on self-reporting through national databases. In this study, the authors evaluated the association between single-dose perioperative antibiotics and postoperative fistula rates after PP at a single institution.

Postoperative Complications After Thyroidectomy: Time Course and Incidence Before Discharge.

Background: Although complication rates after thyroidectomy are well described in the literature, the timing of these events is less understood. This study delineates the timeline and risk factors for early adverse events after thyroidectomy.

Materials And Methods: This study included a retrospective review of 161,534 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2005 and 2018 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Efficacy and Safety in Combining Primary Palatoplasty and Myringotomy in Patients with Cleft Palate.

Unlabelled: Patients born with a cleft lip and palate undergo multiple surgical procedures, increasing the infants' exposure to anesthesia and potential risk of neurocognitive delays. In addition, these numerous procedures lead to greater use of hospital resources. This study analyzes the differences in anesthetic exposure and perioperative characteristics between performing combined versus separate primary palatoplasty (PP) and placement of bilateral myringotomy tubes (BMT).

Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for non-surgical treatment of Warthin's tumor.

Background: Currently, the first line treatment for Warthin's tumor (WT) is parotidectomy. There is a paucity of data evaluating the safety and efficacy of non-surgical treatments for patients not amenable to surgery. Ultrasound guided ethanol sclerotherapy (UGES) has been successfully used for the management of lymphangiomans of the head and neck, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cysts.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus Following Tonsillectomy in Adults: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis.

Objectives: To identify 30-day complication rates specific to patients with diabetes mellitus following tonsillectomy.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients undergoing tonsillectomy between 2005 and 2018. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and non-diabetes mellitus (NODM).

Obesity is a predictor of increased morbidity after tracheostomy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 30-day morbidity and mortality risk in patients undergoing tracheostomy using the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).

Study Design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study.

Setting: Patients were identified with Current Procedural Terminology codes in the ACS-NSQIP database.

Oropharyngeal hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19: A multi-institutional case series.

Background: Patients with COVID-19 who are intubated and require mechanical ventilation have been observed to have oropharyngeal bleeding necessitating otolaryngology intervention.

Methods: We report five cases of oropharyngeal hemorrhage in COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation requiring evaluation by otolaryngologists at George Washington University Hospital (GWUH) and Boston Medical Center (BMC) from March to April 2020. Institutional Review Board at both institutions exempted this study from informed consent because there were no identifiable patient characteristics, photographs, or imaging studies included.

Anatomical Variability Predisposed a Child to Permanent Brachial Plexopathy following Incidental Trauma.

Anatomic variations in peripheral nerves and the perineural environment are common and can contribute to acute or chronic neuropathy in certain individuals. Awareness of these variants is relevant to understanding both the etiopathogenesis and the increased susceptibility to nerve injury in some patients. We present a 4-year-old boy who sustained a permanent injury to the upper brachial plexus from a relatively minor trauma.

Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are at Higher Risk for Pneumonia, Septic Shock, and Blood Transfusions After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with several complications after surgery, including pneumonia, myocardial infarction, septic shock, and mortality. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no work analyzing the impact of COPD on complications after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Although previous work has elucidated the complications COPD has on TKA and THA, extrapolating the results of lower extremity arthroplasty to TSA may prove to be inaccurate.

Current Publication Rates of Abstracts Presented at the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meetings: 2005-2010.

Objectives: To evaluate the publication rate of abstracts presented at the 2005-2010 Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) Annual Meetings.

Methods: All abstracts from the 2005 to 2010 OTA meetings were identified through the OTA's official website. Each abstract was searched across PubMed and Google to determine its publication status.