Recurring incursions and dissemination of novel Eurasian-origin H5Nx avian influenza viruses in Atlantic Canada.

Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an important role in their ecology. The emergence of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift in IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks and mortality in wild birds from 2002 onwards. This lineage has evolved and diversified over time, with a recent important derivative being the 2.

Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.

Pathogen Surveillance in Swallows (family Hirundinidae): Investigation into Role as Avian Influenza Vector in Eastern Canada Agricultural Landscapes.

First detected in Atlantic Canada in December 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 clade 2.3.4.

Comparison of learning models to predict LDPE, PET, and ABS concentrations in beach sediment based on spectral reflectance.

Microplastic (MP) contamination on land has been estimated to be 32 times higher than in the oceans, and yet there is a distinct lack of research on soil MPs compared to marine MPs. Beaches are bridges between land and ocean and present equally understudied sites of microplastic pollution. Visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR) has been applied successfully for the measurement of reflectance and prediction of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) concentrations in soil.

A functional gene-array analysis of microbial communities settling on microplastics in a peat-draining environment.

Concerns about microplastic (MP) pollution arise from the rafting potential of these durable particles which potentially propagate harmful chemicals and bacteria across wide spatial gradients. While many studies have been conducted in the marine environment, knowledge of MPs in coastal and freshwater systems is limited. For this study, we exposed two MPs (polyethylene terephthalate and polylactic acid) to the undisturbed peat-draining Maludam River in Malaysia, for 6 months.

Chemotactic response of to mucus from various coral species.

, a prominent pathogenic bacteria, is known to cause tissue damage in the coral and is attracted towards the coral via chemotaxis. However, the potential of to infect most of the other coral hosts via chemotaxis is unknown. In this study, we used capillary assays to quantify the chemotactic response of to the mucus of four tank-cultivated coral species (, sp.