A conserved human CD4+ T cell subset recognizing the mycobacterial adjuvant, trehalose monomycolate.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes human tuberculosis. As mycobacteria are protected by thick lipid cell wall, humans have developed immune responses against diverse mycobacterial lipids. Most of these immunostimulatory lipids are known as adjuvants acting through innate immune receptors, such as C-type lectin receptors.

Clinical Outcomes of Endovascular Coil Embolization for Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.

Objective: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are difficult to treat with coil embolization (CE) due to their location and shape, but the number of CE-treated MCA has gradually increased as treatment techniques have improved. However, the outcomes of CE for ruptured MCA aneurysms are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of CE for ruptured MCA aneurysms.

Association between microenvironment-related genes and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy. Systemic profiling of the PCNSL tumor microenvironment (TME) was previously conducted through gene expression analysis. We investigated the prognostic impact of TME on survival to establish novel prognostic biomarkers in PCNSL patients.

Analysis of antigen specificity of Treg cell clonotypes expanded upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has threatened human health worldwide. Among protective immune reactions, T cell responses are diverse among individuals, which is related to the differences in severity. A T cell subset, regulatory T (Treg) cells, is crucial for limiting excessive immune responses.

Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system: A reappraisal of CD5-positive cases based on clinical, pathological, and molecular evaluation.

CD5 expression is seen in 5%-10% of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS-LBCL) also exhibits CD5 expression in a minority of cases, however, clinicopathological and molecular features remain largely unclarified. Here we present the clinical, molecular, and pathological features of 11 CD5-positive () PCNS-LBCL cases, occupying 6.

[Survey Report on Assistant Work of Radiological Technologist During Angiography and Intervention Radiology Procedure].

Purpose: Investigating the status and challenges associated with radiological technologists acting as assistants during angiography and interventional radiology (IVR) through task shift/share.

Methods: The survey period was from August 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023. A 10-item questionnaire survey was conducted nationwide, targeting 676 hospitals equipped with angiography facilities.

Early Resolution of Abnormal Vascular Networks After Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery (STA-MCA) Bypass Surgery for Twig-Like Middle Cerebral Artery With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Case Report.

The twig-like middle cerebral artery (T-MCA) is a rare condition characterized by unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and abnormal vascular networks, resembling Moyamoya Disease (MMD). While some reports mention bypass surgery for T-MCA, akin to MMD, there is no established treatment method. Previous reports highlight the efficacy of revascularization procedures in preventing recurrent strokes in T-MCA patients, but there is limited data on its usefulness for cases with intracerebral hemorrhagic onset.

Combining three-phase EEG pattern and ipsilateral isolated eye deviation to predict seizure focus in the frontal interhemispheric fissure.

Objective: Identification of seizure focus on the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) is often challenging at the step of scalp video-EEG monitoring on preoperative evaluations. We previously reported ictal three-phase EEG patterns (3Ph-EEG) and isolated eye deviation (isolated ED) to side of the seizure focus during seizures, each of which is available for identifying the seizure focus for frontal IHF (F-IHF). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of predicting the F-IHF focus using a combination of 3Ph-EEG and isolated ED in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and the accuracy of predicting lateralization of the F-IHF focus using the predominance of findings.

Establishment of a novel benign meningioma cell line spontaneously immortalized under hypoxic conditions.

Meningiomas are the most frequent brain tumors, typically benign and curable by surgery. However, some patients experience repeated recurrences from residual tumors. To address such cases, the development of novel therapeutic options is crucial.

Traumatic Middle Meningeal Artery Aneurysm: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Acute Epidural Hematoma. A Case Report.

Traumatic middle meningeal artery aneurysm (TMMA) is a rare condition and a known cause of several different bleeding patterns after head injury. Once detected, they need to be treated as an emergency due to their potential for morbidity and mortality. Generally, recurrence does not occur in surgery for acute epidural hematoma if adequate hemostasis is achieved.

Chronological Changes in Embolization for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: Impact of Endovascular Treatment Device Advancements.

Objective: Although embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is widely performed as an adjunctive therapy before microsurgery or radiosurgery, there is no high-level evidence to ascertain its effectiveness. However, the technology for endovascular devices has improved. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the chronological changes in AVM embolization due to advances in endovascular treatment devices.

Image-based Re-evaluation of the JCOG0911 Study Focusing on Tumor Volume and Survival, Disease Progression Diagnosis, and Radiomic Prognostication for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.

Purpose: To re-evaluate images recovered from JCOG0911, a randomized phase 2 trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Brain Tumor Study Group.

Methods: The correlation between tumor volumes and survival was evaluated, followed by progression-free survival (PFS) analysis by independent central review based on Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria using MRI recovered from 118 nGBM patients enrolled in the JCOG0911 trial. A radiomic analysis was also performed to identify radiomic features predictive of nGBM prognosis.

Clinical factors influencing patency capsule excretion and confirmation in patients with intestinal patency.

Introduction: The PillCam™ patency capsule is useful in preventing capsule endoscope retention; however, visual confirmation of patency capsule excretion is challenging for many patients.

Objective: We investigated the factors related to the patency capsule remaining in the colon after 33 h and the factors hindering the visual confirmation of its excretion.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 498 patients with intestinal patency who underwent patency capsule examination.

Brainstem hemorrhage associated with venous hypertensive myelopathy without dural arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.

Background: Venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM), formerly known as "Foix-Alajouanine syndrome," is a spinal cord dysfunction caused by impaired perfusion of the spinal cord. Most cases are attributed to spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), but there are scattered reports of VHM without concomitant dAVF. Furthermore, no cases of VHM associated with intracranial hemorrhage exist.

Phase II Trial of Pathology-based Tripartite Treatment Stratification for Patients with CNS Germ Cell Tumors: A Long-term Follow-up Study.

Background: A previous Phase II clinical trial, conducted from 1995 to 2003, evaluated CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) using a three-group treatment stratification based on histopathology. The primary objective of the study was to assess the long-term efficacy of standardized treatment regimens, while the secondary objective focused on identifying associated long-term complications.

Methods: Total 228 patients were classified into three groups for treatment: germinoma (n=161), intermediate prognosis (n=38), and poor prognosis (n=28), excluding one mature teratoma case.

Improvement of Quantification of Myocardial Synthetic ECV with Second-Generation Deep Learning Reconstruction.

Background: The utility of synthetic ECV, which does not require hematocrit values, has been reported; however, high-quality CT images are essential for accurate quantification. Second-generation Deep Learning Reconstruction (DLR) enables low-noise and high-resolution cardiac CT images. The aim of this study is to compare the differences among four reconstruction methods (hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), DLR, and second-generation DLR) in the quantification of synthetic ECV.

The cytokine profile correlates with less tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in luminal A breast cancer.

Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels are prognostic and predictive factors for breast cancer. Unlike other subtypes, most luminal A breast cancers are immune deserts; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Methods: Immune-related cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured in the sera of 103 patients with breast cancer using a multiplex panel.

Predictors of the efficacy of vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Vedolizumab is a treatment option for ulcerative colitis but data on predictors of treatment response remain insufficient to establish personalized treatment strategies. We aimed to investigate the real-world effectiveness of vedolizumab in adult patients with ulcerative colitis and explore factors involved in predicting treatment response. This single-center, single-arm, prospective observational study included 26 patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis patients' characteristics at baseline, epidemiological information, existing treatment, clinical activity index score, endoscopic score, and blood test data were collected.

Establishment of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to Spare the Use of Oral Fluoroquinolones for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in Outpatients.

The increase in fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant (EC) is a serious global problem. In addition, much of acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) cases are caused by EC. FQs have been selected for the treatment of cystitis in outpatients, and there is concern about treatment failure.

Isolated choroid plexus infarction caused by multiple occlusive cerebrovascular lesions.

The choroid plexus is the secretory tissue responsible for cerebrospinal fluid production in the brain. Ischemia of the choroid plexus is rare because of its abundant blood supply from multiple arterial systems, including the anterior and posterior choroidal arterial anastomoses. It is not clear under what circumstances isolated choroid plexus infarction occurs.

[Multicenter Survey on Phantom Entrance Surface Air Kerma of Angiography and IVR in Japan].

Purpose: In DRLs 2020, the entrance surface air kerma (Ka,e) was set to 17 mGy/min as the reference dose rate in fluoroscopy. But, Ka,e in fluoroscopy for different regions and Ka,e in exposure was not set. A multicenter survey was conducted to evaluate Ka,e by each area.