A high-resolution 7 Tesla resting-state fMRI dataset optimized for studying the subcortex.

To achieve a comprehensive understanding of spontaneous brain dynamics in humans, acquisition of intrinsic activity across both cortical and subcortical regions is necessary. Here we present advanced whole-brain, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data acquired at 7 Tesla with 1.5 mm isotropic voxel resolution.

Joint Modelling of Latent Cognitive Mechanisms Shared Across Decision-Making Domains.

Decision-making behavior is often understood using the framework of evidence accumulation models (EAMs). Nowadays, EAMs are applied to various domains of decision-making with the underlying assumption that the latent cognitive constructs proposed by EAMs are consistent across these domains. In this study, we investigate both the extent to which the parameters of EAMs are related between four different decision-making domains and across different time points.

Echoes from Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in the Subcortex.

Decades of research have greatly improved our understanding of intrinsic human brain organization in terms of functional networks and the transmodal hubs within the cortex at which they converge. However, substrates of multinetwork integration in the human subcortex are relatively uncharted. Here, we leveraged recent advances in subcortical atlasing and ultra-high field (7 T) imaging optimized for the subcortex to investigate the functional architecture of 14 individual structures in healthy adult males and females with a fully data-driven approach.

Investigating Intra-Individual Networks of Response Inhibition and Interference Resolution using 7T MRI.

Response inhibition and interference resolution are often considered subcomponents of an overarching inhibition system that utilizes the so-called cortico-basal-ganglia loop. Up until now, most previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature has compared the two using between-subject designs, pooling data in the form of a meta-analysis or comparing different groups. Here, we investigate the overlap of activation patterns underlying response inhibition and interference resolution on a within-subject level, using ultra-high field MRI.

A high-resolution multi-shell 3T diffusion magnetic resonance imaging dataset as part of the Amsterdam Ultra-high field adult lifespan database (AHEAD).

In order to further our understanding of brain function and the underlying networks, more advanced diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) data are essential. Here we present freely available high-resolution multi-shell multi-directional 3 Tesla (T) DWI MRI data as part of the 'Amsterdam Ultra-high field adult lifespan database' (AHEAD). The 3T DWI AHEAD dataset include 1.

Surgeon and Patient Reports of Fertility Preservation Referral and Uptake in a Prospective, Pan-Canadian Study of Young Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: Prompt referral by their surgeon enables fertility preservation (FP) by young women with breast cancer (YWBC) without treatment delay. Following a FP knowledge intervention, we evaluated surgeon and patient reports of fertility discussion, FP referral offer and uptake, and FP choices and reasons for declining FP among patients enrolled in the Reducing Breast Cancer in Young Women, prospective pan-Canadian study.

Methods: Between September 2015 and December 2020, 1271 patients were enrolled at 31 sites.

Charting human subcortical maturation across the adult lifespan with in vivo 7 T MRI.

The human subcortex comprises hundreds of unique structures. Subcortical functioning is crucial for behavior, and disrupted function is observed in common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their importance, human subcortical structures continue to be difficult to study in vivo.

Cortical and subcortical contributions to interference resolution and inhibition - An fMRI ALE meta-analysis.

Interacting with our environment requires the selection of appropriate responses and the inhibition of others. Such effortful inhibition is achieved by a number of interference resolution and global inhibition processes. This meta-analysis including 57 studies and 73 contrasts revisits the overlap and differences in brain areas supporting interference resolution and global inhibition in cortical and subcortical brain areas.

Quantity and quality: Normative open-access neuroimaging databases.

The focus of this article is to compare twenty normative and open-access neuroimaging databases based on quantitative measures of image quality, namely, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). We further the analysis through discussing to what extent these databases can be used for the visualization of deeper regions of the brain, such as the subcortex, as well as provide an overview of the types of inferences that can be drawn. A quantitative comparison of contrasts including T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) images are summarized, providing evidence for the benefit of ultra-high field MRI.

Preoperative Single-dose Methylprednisolone Prevents Surgical Site Infections After Major Liver Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of methylprednisolone for preventing postoperative complications after major liver resections.

Summary Background Data: Hepatic resections are associated with a significant acute systemic inflammatory response. This effect subsequently correlates with postoperative morbidity, mortality, and length of recovery.

The Amsterdam Ultra-high field adult lifespan database (AHEAD): A freely available multimodal 7 Tesla submillimeter magnetic resonance imaging database.

Normative databases allow testing of novel hypotheses without the costly collection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Here we present the Amsterdam Ultra-high field adult lifespan database (AHEAD). The AHEAD consists of 105 7 Tesla (T) whole-brain structural MRI scans tailored specifically to imaging of the human subcortex, including both male and female participants and covering the entire adult life span (18-80 yrs).

Bidirectional variation in glutamate efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex induced by selective positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators.

Dysregulation of prefrontal cortical glutamatergic signalling via NMDA receptor hypofunction has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and impaired inhibitory control in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction. Although NMDA receptors functionally interact with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the consequence of this interaction for glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulation on changes in extracellular glutamate efflux in the medial PFC (mPFC) induced by systemic administration of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (or MK801) in rats.

Selective and interactive effects of D receptor antagonism and positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation on waiting impulsivity.

Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) and dopamine D receptors are specifically expressed within the indirect pathway neurons of the striato-pallidal-subthalamic pathway. This unique expression profile suggests that mGluR4 and D receptors may play a cooperative role in the regulation and inhibitory control of behaviour. We investigated this possibility by testing the effects of a functionally-characterised positive allosteric mGluR4 modulator, 4-((E)-styryl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (Cpd11), both alone and in combination with the D receptor antagonist eticlopride, on two distinct forms of impulsivity.

Semantic congruency of auditory warnings.

The aim of this study was to explore operator experience and performance for semantically congruent and incongruent auditory icons and abstract alarm sounds. It was expected that performance advantages for congruent sounds would be present initially but would reduce over time for both alarm types. Twenty-four participants (12M/12F) were placed into auditory icon or abstract alarm groupings.

Dissociable effects of mGluR5 allosteric modulation on distinct forms of impulsivity in rats: interaction with NMDA receptor antagonism.

Rationale: Impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling underlies several psychiatric disorders that express high levels of impulsivity. Although synergistic interactions exist between NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the significance of this interaction for impulsivity is unknown.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of negative and positive allosteric mGluR5 modulation (NAM/PAM) on trait impulsivity and impulsivity evoked by NMDA receptor antagonism in rats.

Cell-based screening of traditional Chinese medicines for proliferation enhancers of mouse embryonic stem cells.

A high-throughput cell-based method was developed for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) for potential stem cell growth promoters. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were cultured in growth media supplemented with various TCHM extracts. The dosage-dependent effects of TCHM extracts on cell growth, including proliferation and cytotoxicity, were assessed via EGFP fluorescence measurement.

Balance appointment information leaflets: employing performance-based user-testing to improve understanding.

Objective: To use performance-based user-testing to evaluate the effectiveness of balance appointment patient information leaflets (PILs) in conveying important information.

Design: The study used a sequential groups design. Twenty participants were asked to find and demonstrate understanding of 11 key points of information contained within two NHS leaflets, A and B (10 participants each), through individual structured-interviews.

Hearing aid instruction booklets: employing usability testing to determine effectiveness.

Purpose: This study implemented performance-based usability and literature testing to determine whether people could use 2 instruction booklets for hearing aids (HAs) to carry out basic maintenance tasks and find and understand key facts.

Method: Using a cross-sectional study design, researchers recruited 40 participants (25 women, 15 men, ages 46-72 years) with no experience of HAs or audiology services to test instruction booklets for a Danalogic and Unitron HA (20 participants each). Participants were asked to follow instructions provided within the booklets to complete common HA tasks (e.

Auditory displays as occasion setters.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether representational sounds that capture the richness of experience of a collision enhance performance in braking to avoid a collision relative to other forms of warnings in a driving simulator.

Background: There is increasing interest in auditory warnings that are informative about their referents. But as well as providing information about some intended object, warnings may be designed to set the occasion for a rich body of information about the outcomes of behavior in a particular context.