Establishing risk-based recall interval for caries management among 11-12-year-old Pakistani children.

Background: This study aims to investigate the rate of caries increment among 11-12-year-old Pakistani children over 18 months using modified International Caries Detection and Assessment Systems II (ICDAS) and subsequently establish an appropriate dental recall interval for our targeted population according to their caries risk intensity.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The 226 children from seven schools of Bhakkar with the highest student enrolment were conveniently selected.

Perceptions of oral health education and practice among nursing students in Malaysia and Australia.

Objective: Representing the largest proportion of healthcare workers, nurses play a significant role in oral health (OH) maintenance as part of a larger effort to promote holistic patient care. The study aims to determine nursing students' perceptions of OH education and practice in Malaysian and Australian nursing schools.

Materials And Methods: A self-administered questionnaire (content- and face-validated) survey was undertaken, classroom style, amongst final-year nursing students from selected Malaysian (n = 122, Response rate=97.

Oral health education in the undergraduate nursing curriculum of Australian and Malaysian institutions.

Introduction: A high degree of training is necessary to prepare student nurses for their roles as oral healthcare partners that can promote a holistic approach to health in the community. This study aims to determine the extent of oral health education in Australian and Malaysian nursing institutions, as well as investigate educators' perceptions of education and practice in this area of care.

Methodology: An audio-recorded, semi-structured qualitative phone interview was conducted with the heads of 42 nursing schools across Australia (n = 35) and Malaysia (n = 7) during the 2015 academic year.

Caregivers' perceptions towards oral healthcare services for elders living in Malaysian nursing homes-A qualitative study.

Objective: To assess the perceptions of caregivers towards oral healthcare services received by elders in Malaysian nursing homes and to identify challenges and suggestions for improvement.

Background: Caregivers play an important role in the oral health care of elders in nursing homes.

Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using the nominal group technique (NGT) to obtain caregivers' feedback in nursing homes in Malaysia.

Comparing dental caries status using Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and World Health Organization (WHO) indices among school children of Bhakkar, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess and compare the dental caries status among children using two methods..

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in October-November 2017 at five government and two private schools in Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan.

Survival of Oral Cancer Patients in Different Ethnicities.

Previous studies found that ethnicity influences oral cancer patients' survival; however, most studies were limited to certain ethnic groups particularly from the West, thus of limited relevance to Asians where the disease is most prevalent. We investigated the relationship between ethnicity and patient survival in multi-racial Malaysia. 5-year survival rate was 40.

Mouth self-examination as a screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders among a high-risk Indigenous population.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of mouth self-examination (MSE) as a self-screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions among an Indigenous population in Malaysia at high risk for oral premalignant and malignant disorders.

Methods: Two villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities.

Multi-ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a developing country.

Objective: To elucidate ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a selected Malaysian population.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study involves 790 cases of cancers of the oral cavity and 450 controls presenting with non-malignant oral diseases, recruited from seven hospital-based centres nationwide. Data on risk habits (smoking, drinking, chewing) were obtained using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews.

Sugar consumption and caries occurrence among Pakistani school children.

Objective: To estimate the frequency and pattern of sugar intake among Pakistani school going children and its association with early carious lesion and caries history.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2016 in seven schools of Bhakkar district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and comprised of school children aged 11-12 years. Diet diaries were used to assess the frequency of sugar intake while caries was assessed using the Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System.

The impact of anticipatory guidance on early childhood caries: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: This study evaluated the impact of anticipatory guidance on the caries incidence of 2-3-year-old preschool children and their 4-6-year-old siblings, as well as on their mothers' oral health literacy, as compared to the conventional Ministry of Health (MOH) programme.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two government dental clinics in Batu Pahat District, Malaysia. The samples comprised of 478 mother-child-sibling trios (233 families in the intervention group, and 245 families in the control group).

Caries Risk Assessment in School Children Using Reduced Cariogram Model.

Objective: To estimate the percentage of children with low, moderate and high caries risk; and to determine the predictors of caries risk amongst 11-12 year old Pakistani school children.

Methods: Subjects' caries risk was assessed using the Cariogram programme. The survey was done among school children in Bhakkar district of Punjab, Pakistan.

Oral Health Education for Medical Students: Malaysian and Australian Students' Perceptions of Educational Experience and Needs.

Education in oral health is important to prepare future medical professionals for collaborative roles in maintaining patients' oral health, an important component of general health and well-being. The aims of this study were to determine the perceptions of medical students in Malaysia and Australia of the quality of their training in oral health care and their perceptions of their professional role in maintaining the oral health of their patients. A survey was administered in the classroom with final-year Malaysian (n=527; response rate=79.

Knowledge, perceptions and clinical application of the shortened dental arch concept among Malaysian government dentists.

Aim: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian government dentists regarding the shortened dental arch (SDA) concept and its application in clinical practice.

Background: The SDA concept refers to a specific type of dentition with intact anterior teeth and a reduction in posterior occlusal pairs. Dentists' knowledge and perceptions of the SDA concept can influence its application in clinical practice.

PERSONALITY TRAITS AND STRESS LEVELS AMONG SENIOR DENTAL STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental students’ personality traits and stress levels in relation to dental education programs among senior dental students in University Malaya (UM) in Malaysia and National University of Singapore (NUS). A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on UM and NUS senior dental students. The questionnaire comprised items on demographic background, the Big Five Inventory Personality Traits (BFIPT) test and a modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) scale.

Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia.

Objectives: To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).

Design: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field.

Mobile Phone Imaging in Low Resource Settings for Early Detection of Oral Cancer and Concordance with Clinical Oral Examination.

Introduction: This study examined the concordance in clinical diagnosis of high-risk lesions in the oral cavity and referral decisions between clinical oral examination (COE) and teledentistry.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen individuals with a range of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and normal oral mucosa were included. Five areas of the oral cavity were photographed by three dentists using mobile phone cameras with 5 MP-13 MP resolutions.

Tobacco (kretek) smoking, betel quid chewing and risk of oral cancer in a selected Jakarta population.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the association between tobacco consumption (kretek) and betel quid chewing with oral cancer risk.

Materials And Methods: A total of 81 cases of oral cancers were matched with 162 controls in this hospital-based study. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and details of risk habits (duration, frequency and type of tobacco consumption and betel quid chewing) were collected.

High serum level of retinol and α-tocopherol affords protection against oral cancer in a multiethnic population.

Background: A comparative cross-sectional study involving oral cancer patients and healthy individuals was designed to investigate associations between retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene with the risk of oral cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study included a total of 240 matched cases and controls where subjects were selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). Retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene levels and intake were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) respectively.

Undergraduate education in special needs dentistry in Malaysian and Australian dental schools.

Meeting the oral health care needs of the growing population of people with special health care needs (SHCN) starts with dental students' acquisition of sound knowledge and development of clinical competence at the predoctoral level. The aim of this study was to review the level of undergraduate education in Special Needs Dentistry (SND) in Malaysian and Australian dental schools. The deans of all six Malaysian public dental schools and eight of nine Australian dental schools participated in a postal survey on current undergraduate didactic and clinical training in SND at their institutions.

Responsiveness of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire11-14 for Cambodian children undergoing basic dental care.

Background: Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) instruments are useful outcome measures in dental health services research; however, there are no reports of the use OHRQoL measures in evaluating the outcome of basic dental care in children anywhere.

Aim: The aims of this study are to evaluate the responsiveness of the Khmer version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire11-14 (CPQ11-14) and to describe changes in OHRQoL associated with the provision of basic dental care.

Design: A pre-test/post-test design, with a clinical convenience sample of children aged from 8 to 14 years of age who received basic dental care from a local nongovernmental organisation (NGO).

Validation of an oral health-related quality of life measure for Cambodian children.

This study aimed to determine the impact of dental caries in terms of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) for Cambodian children. The Child Perceptions Questionnaires (CPQ) were cross-culturally adapted and validated for the Cambodian population using a sample of 430 Cambodian children. The participants had a high caries burden, with a mean number of decayed-missing-and-filled deciduous tooth surfaces (dmfs) of 8.

Dietary pattern and oral cancer risk--a factor analysis study.

Objectives: The role of diet in cancer risk has mainly been investigated based on intake of individual food items. However, food consumption is made up of a combination of various food items. This study aims to determine the association of dietary patterns with oral cancer risk.

Factors affecting commencement and cessation of smoking behaviour in Malaysian adults.

Background: Tobacco consumption peak in developed countries has passed, however, it is on the increase in many developing countries. Apart from cigarettes, consumption of local hand-rolled cigarettes such as bidi and rokok daun are prevalent in specific communities. Although factors associated with smoking initiation and cessation has been investigated elsewhere, the only available data for Malaysia is on prevalence.

Population burden of betel quid abuse and its relation to oral premalignant disorders in South, Southeast, and East Asia: an Asian Betel-quid Consortium Study.

Objectives: We investigated the population burden of betel quid abuse and its related impact on oral premalignant disorders (OPDs) in South, Southeast, and East Asia.

Methods: The Asian Betel-Quid Consortium conducted a multistage sampling of 8922 representative participants from Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Participants received an interviewer-administered survey and were examined for oral mucosal disorders.

An oral cancer biobank initiative: a platform for multidisciplinary research in a developing country.

Identification of diagnostic markers for early detection and development of novel and therapeutic agents for effective patient management are the main motivation for cancer research. Biological specimens from large cohort and case-control studies which are crucial in providing successful research outcomes are often the limiting factor that hinders research efforts, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS) were established to systematically collect large number of samples with comprehensive sociodemographic, clinicopathological, management strategies, quality of life and associated patient follow-up data to facilitate oral cancer research in Malaysia.