Rapidly Progressive Dementia Presenting as Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) presenting initially as schizophrenia spectrum disorder poses significant diagnostic challenges. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman initially diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder due to symptoms including social withdrawal, disorganized behavior, and psychosis. However, the rapid progression of cognitive decline and motor dysfunction prompted further investigation, leading to the diagnosis of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody-mediated encephalitis.

A Bird's-Eye Perspective: An Unusual Case of Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis With Visual Hallucinations Included in Its Manifestations Versus the Dementia Prodrome.

Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) is still a paradox; certain characteristics such as episodic progression of psychosis including delusions and hallucinations involving various modalities, as well as the absence of negative symptoms, are strongly predictive of VLOSLP. We describe an interesting case of a 61-year-old male who presented with a second episode of psychosis along with mild to moderate cognitive impairment like having difficulty in buttoning for over eight months at our tertiary care hospital. Previously, during the first episode, he was treated by a private practitioner; adequate doses for an adequate duration of two atypical antipsychotics were given; and up to 25% global improvement was reported by the caregiver.