Combating aggressive weeds: Reinforcing herbicide resistance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) through genome editing.

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a drought-tolerant, tropical grain legume, rich in dietary proteins, vitamins, and micronutrients. However, the longstanding problem of weed infestation in the fields is a major constraint that significantly hampers the productivity of pigeonpea.

A Review of Refractive Errors Post Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection and Laser Photocoagulation Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and severity of refractive errors that occur following the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with anti-vascular growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents and laser photocoagulation. : A review of the literature using three databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline) was performed using appropriate search terms, and the results of the relevant studies were compiled and extracted for descriptive analysis. : Sixty articles were identified.

Nanotransethosomal dual-drug loaded gel of methotrexate and mangiferin as a potent synergistic intervention for rheumatoid arthritis via transdermal delivery.

The goal of this study is to assess the potential advantages of utilising methotrexate (MTH), and mangiferin (MFR), in nanoparticulate configuration which is transethosomes (TRS), which could result in increased stability and solubility, as well as improved infiltration into the arthritic tissues under investigation. The synthesised MTH-MFR-TRS demonstrated a particle size of 151.7 nm and a PDI of 0.

Exploration of synergistically engineered invasomes of fluconazole incorporated with safranal against onychomycosis for enhanced transungual delivery.

Objective: The preparation of safranal-containing invasomes for fluconazole (FLU-IN) is investigated in the current research work to augment FLU permeation, bioavailability, and solubility nail for transungual delivery.

Methods: FLU-IN was prepared utilizing the 'thin-film hydration process', and for optimization, 'Box-Behnken design (BBD)' was employed. Entrapment efficiency (EE), Poly-dispersity index (PDI), FLU release, vesicle size and zeta potential were used to characterize FLU-INopt.

The Role of Antenatal Ultrasound in the Detection of Goldston Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Goldston syndrome (GS) is an extremely rare syndrome involving the central nervous system and kidneys. It is believed to have a familial association and an autosomal recessive inheritance and is characterized by the concomitant occurrence of cystic dysplastic kidneys and Dandy-Walker malformation. We report a case of antenatally detected GS at 22 weeks of gestation in a female with a consanguineous marriage.

Ketamine Impact on Kidney Health.

Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is a serious consequence of chronic ketamine abuse, presenting with complex renal and urinary symptoms. This study describes a 34-year-old female with a history of chronic ketamine abuse, resulting in stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and severe urological complications. Despite discontinuing ketamine use five years ago, she remains dependent on ureteral stents due to recurrent hydronephrosis and ureteral obstruction.

GastroFuse-Net: an ensemble deep learning framework designed for gastrointestinal abnormality detection in endoscopic images.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have received substantial attention as a highly effective tool for analyzing medical images, notably in interpreting endoscopic images, due to their capacity to provide results equivalent to or exceeding those of medical specialists. This capability is particularly crucial in the realm of gastrointestinal disorders, where even experienced gastroenterologists find the automatic diagnosis of such conditions using endoscopic pictures to be a challenging endeavor. Currently, gastrointestinal findings in medical diagnosis are primarily determined by manual inspection by competent gastrointestinal endoscopists.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disruption: A Case of Hyponatremia and Adrenal Insufficiency.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, have transformed cancer therapy by enhancing the immune system's ability to combat tumors, but they can also lead to immune-related adverse events, including adrenal insufficiency. This case report presents a 52-year-old male with a history of malignant melanoma who developed adrenal insufficiency after four months of pembrolizumab therapy. The patient was admitted with symptoms of malaise, vomiting, abdominal pain, and poor appetite.

From Smoothies to Dialysis: The Impact of Oxalate Nephropathy.

Oxalate nephropathy is a rare cause of acute kidney injury that can lead to end-stage renal disease. This case report describes a 54-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who presented for a routine clinic follow-up. Laboratory tests revealed significant deterioration in renal function with an unrevealing history and symptoms suggestive of the process.

Tear film parameters and meibography in eyes of children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To study tear film parameters and Meibomian glands in pediatric patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods: Forty-four eyes of 22 patients with VKC and 44 eyes of 22 age-matched controls were studied in a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer's test.

Diagnosis of an unusual orbital abscess following sub-Tenon's steroid injection: a case report.

Orbital abscesses are caused by infection within or near the orbit and show obvious signs of pain, proptosis and raised inflammatory markers. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and radiological imaging, and requires early antibiotics and often surgical drainage to save vision. Sub-Tenon's injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) have caused localized infections in previous reports, which have responded to therapeutic interventions.

Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion.

Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral to calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. Time-lapse light-sheet imaging of mouse embryos revealed calvarial progenitors intercalate in 3D in the CM above the eye, and exhibit protrusive and crawling activity more apically.

Synergistically engineered nanotransethosomes for co-delivery of methotrexate and baicalin for enhanced transdermal delivery against rheumatoid arthritis: formulation, characterisation and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of RA, it is not possible for any singular treatment to entirely impede the progression of the disease. Hence, the current study aimed to adopt a holistic and synergistic approach towards the management of RA by means of a co-delivery strategy involving methotrexate (MTH), a conventional slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug, and baicalin (BCN), a bioactive phytochemical using a transethosomal (TRS) gel formulation.

Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblasts and suture patency is dependent on fibronectin cues.

The skull roof, or calvaria, is comprised of interlocking plates of bones that encase the brain. Separating these bones are fibrous sutures that permit growth. Currently, we do not understand the instructions for directional growth of the calvaria, a process which is error-prone and can lead to skeletal deficiencies or premature suture fusion (craniosynostosis, CS).

Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion.

Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral for calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. During apical expansion, we found that mouse calvarial primordia have consistent cellular proliferation, density, and survival with complex tissue scale deformations, raising the possibility that morphogenetic movements underlie expansion.

Functional characterization of novel mutations in the conserved region of EPSPS for herbicide resistance in pigeonpea: structure-based coherent design.

Prospectively, agroecosystems for the growth of crops provide the potential fertile, productive, and tropical environment which attracts infestation by weedy plant species that compete with the primary crop plants. Infestation by weed is a major biotic stress factor faced by pigeonpea that hampers the productivity of the crop. In the modern era with the development of chemicals the problem of weed infestation is dealt with armours called herbicides.

Clinicopathologic Spectrum of Lysozyme-Associated Nephropathy.

Introduction: Lysozyme-associated nephropathy (LyN), a rare cause of kidney injury in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), has not been well described to date. We report the clinicopathologic spectrum of LyN from a multi-institutional series.

Method: We identified 37 native kidney biopsies with LyN and retrospectively obtained clinicopathologic data.