The prevalence of enterotoxigenic e. Coli isolated from the stools of children aged 0-10 years with diarrhea in mid-anatolia region, Turkey.

The stool samples from 245 patients with diarrhea were tested for heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxins (ST) by passive latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay methods respectively. Twelve (4.9%) enterotoxigenic E.

Investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Battalgazi district, Malatya-Turkey.

Salmonella Typhi infections are important public health problems for the developing countries. In this study we investigated the molecular epidemiology of a suspected well-water borne S. Typhi outbreak occurred in a district of Malatya-Turkey.

Changes in the rates of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 2002 and 2004 in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Turkey.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen usually resistant to most antimicrobials. We present changes in the resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa to amikacin (AK) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) between January 2002 and June 2004.

The prevalence and molecular typing of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic stools in Malatya, Turkey.

This study was performed from June 2002 to November 2003 year in Malatya, eastern Turkey. Stools of 172 diarrheic patients and 90 healthy controls were analysed for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins were investigated by passive latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.

Magnesium-potassium interactions in cardiac arrhythmia. Examples of ionic medicine.

Ionic biology involving Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+ across the cell membrane and in the development of the action potential is reviewed with reference to cardiac arrhythmia. K+ and Mg2+ deficiency which frequently occur together lead to abnormal ionic transfer of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ with development of automaticity, triggered impulses and reentrant tachycardia. Tachycardia occurring in acute myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, hypertensives on diuretics and digitalis toxicity is examined according to the concept of ionic imbalance.

Role of magnesium in cardiac tachyarrhythmias.

The efficacy of magnesium therapy in patients with ventricular tachycardia has previously been reported. Recently completed and ongoing studies validate earlier observations that potassium and magnesium supplementation may control other cardiac arrhythmias, particularly in hypomagnesemic patients. Magnesium treatment is a viable therapeutic option when other antiarrhythmic agents fail to suppress ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, multifocal atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia.

Magnesium therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in critical-care medicine.

A common complication of critically ill patients is cardiac tachyarrhythmia. The role played by magnesium is not well appreciated. Well-documented cases indicated that magnesium may be effective in controlling the rhythm when conventional methods fail.

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with psychological stress. The role of the sympathetic nervous system.

Psychological stress has been reported to be a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in individuals both with and without underlying structural heart disease. From a group of 80 patients presenting with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia, six were identified without underlying structural heart disease. Five of these six patients experienced marked psychological stress.

Magnesium and cardiac arrhythmias.

The effectiveness of magnesium therapy in intractable ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was documented in patients not only with hypomagnesemia, but also in patients with normomagnesemia. It was also effective in ventricular tachycardia characterized by 'torsades de pointes' and in massive digoxin intoxication. Prospectively, parenteral magnesium therapy was also effective in controlling the ventricular rate in multifocal atrial tachycardia (8 patients) by reducing the number and the rate of ectopic atrial foci.

Magnesium and potassium therapy in multifocal atrial tachycardia.

Eight patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia received 7 to 12 gm of magnesium sulfate intravenously over a 5-hour period. Potassium supplements were given initially or added later. Initial arterial blood gases showed mean pH 7.

Determination of the optimal timing for performing digital ventriculography during atrial pacing stress tests in coronary heart disease.

To determine the optimal time for recording left ventricular angiograms during atrial pacing stress tests, digital subtraction left ventriculograms were obtained using 12 ml of contrast material in 40 patients at rest and at peak pacing. Nineteen of the 40 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed between 5 and 10 seconds and 21 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed 30 seconds after pacing was stopped. Coronary angiography showed significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in 29 patients and no evidence of significant CAD in 11 patients.

Magnesium in coronary artery disease.

Magnesium in coronary artery disease is reviewed with regard to its role in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, coronary spasm, myocardial function, acute myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias. Experimentally, magnesium depletion potentiates and supplementation retards the effect of atherogenic diets. Evidence from human studies is circumstantial.

Detection and quantitation of coronary artery stenoses from digital subtraction angiograms compared with 35-millimeter film cineangiograms.

To assess the ability to detect coronary artery narrowings from computer-acquired angiograms, a panel of 4 observers independently identified and measured focal coronary narrowings from digital subtraction angiograms and compared the results to those obtained from standard 35-mm cine film angiograms. Both cine and digital angiograms were obtained sequentially using selective intracoronary artery injection of standard amounts of iodinated contrast media. Digital images were obtained at 8 frames/s with a 512 X 512 X 8-bit pixel matrix.

Magnesium therapy in massive digoxin intoxication.

A potentially fatal case of massive digitalis intoxication is presented. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation failed to respond to lidocaine or phenytoin, but responded dramatically to magnesium sulfate infusion. A review of the literature and previous clinical studies, as well as the case reported here, appears to indicate that magnesium sulfate given intravenously in adequate quantities (2 to 3 g in one minute followed by 2 g/h for 4 to 5 h) is effective in controlling ventricular irritability caused by toxic levels of digitalis preparations.

Evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

The ability of pulsed Doppler echocardiography to identify patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction was evaluated in 12 patients with dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy. A range-gated, spectrum analyzer-based Doppler velocimeter was used to record blood flow velocity in the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery. The following blood flow velocity parameters were measured or derived: peak flow velocity, acceleration time, average acceleration, deceleration time, average deceleration, ejection time, and aortic flow velocity integral.

Magnesium therapy for intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias in normomagnesemic patients.

Intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with hypomagnesemia responds well to magnesium given intravenously. Two patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation associated with normal serum magnesium levels and resistant to treatment with potassium chloride, lidocaine and bretylium tosylate responded dramatically to the administration of magnesium sulfate. A third patient in whom the serum magnesium level was unknown also showed dramatic response to magnesium therapy.

Correlation of 10-milliliter digital subtraction ventriculograms compared with standard cineangiograms.

Left ventriculograms were obtained with the use of 10 ml of contrast media by passing fluoroscopic video images through a video image processor. The low concentration of dye in the left ventricle was enhanced by the technique of mask mode subtraction, and the images were postprocessed to increase visibility by manipulation of the gray scale and contrast levels. These digital subtraction angiograms were compared to standard cineangiograms by means of 40 ml of contrast media.

Digital angiography in assessment of ventricular function and wall motion during pacing in patients with coronary artery disease.

Using digital subtraction angiography, left ventriculograms were obtained with 10 ml of iodinated contrast material in 21 patients both at rest and during atrial pacing. In 15 patients with significant coronary artery lesions (CAD) (greater than 50% diameter narrowing in at least 1 major artery), ejection fraction decreased during atrial pacing from a mean of 62 +/- 14% to 51 +/- 15% (p less than 0.001).