Soybean extract inhibits influenza virus entry: Mechanistic insights.

Influenza viruses pose significant public health threats because they can cause seasonal outbreaks and global pandemics. Current preventive measures, including vaccines and antiviral drugs, are limited by their low efficacy and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of novel preventive and treatment methods.

Activation of Immune and Antiviral Effects by Extracts: A Review.

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza virus infection, which is managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs. Recently, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have gained attention. is a motile unicellular alga and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism.

Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of var. as a Functional Food: A Review.

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus, in response to which vaccines and antiviral drugs are administered. In recent years, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have garnered attention. This review is the first to summarize the therapeutic properties of wild watermelon ( var.

Mode of Antifungal Action of Daito- ( var. ) Essential Oil against .

Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) are used in medicines, disinfectants, and aromatherapy products. Information on the antifungal activity of EO of var. (known as Daito-) found in Kitadaito Island, Okinawa, is limited.

Application of regulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation to disease treatment.

Although many diseases in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are involved in their pathogenesis are known, and antioxidants that effectively capture ROS have been identified and developed, there are only a few diseases for which antioxidants have been used for treatment. Here, we discuss on the following four concepts regarding the development of applications for disease treatment by regulating ROS, free radicals, and lipid oxidation with the findings of our research and previous reports. Concept 1) Utilization of antioxidants for disease treatment.

Daidzein phosphorylates and activates 5-lipoxygenase via the MEK/ERK pathway: a mechanism for inducing the production of 5-lipoxygenase metabolite that inhibit influenza virus intracellular replication.

We previously reported that the soy isoflavone daidzein (Dz) suppresses the intracellular replication of influenza virus and that arachidonic acid-derived oxidation product via lipid oxidase 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is involved in its antiviral effect. The activation of 5-LOX by Dz triggers anti-influenza activity; however, the mechanism of activation of 5-LOX remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the activation mechanism using human monocyte-derived THP-1 cells differentiated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.

Effect of Structural Differences in Naringenin, Prenylated Naringenin, and Their Derivatives on the Anti-Influenza Virus Activity and Cellular Uptake of Their Flavanones.

Vaccines and antiviral drugs are widely used to treat influenza infection. However, they cannot rapidly respond to drug-resistant viruses. Therefore, new anti-influenza virus strategies are required.

Anti-influenza A virus activity of flavonoids in vitro: a structure-activity relationship.

Secondary plant metabolites from food extracts, namely daidzein, quercetin, and luteolin, exhibit anti-influenza virus effects, with IC values of 143.6, 274.8, and 8.

Inhibition of influenza virus replication by Apiaceae plants, with special reference to Peucedanum japonicum (Sacna) constituents.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Apiaceae plants possess various pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancer activities; however, data on their antiviral activity are limited. Peucedanum japonicum, also known as Sacna, is a plant used as food and as a traditional folk medicine for treating coughs. However, the active components in the leaves of this plant are yet unexplored.

Influenza virus entry and replication inhibited by 8-prenylnaringenin from var. (wild watermelon).

We previously demonstrated the anti-influenza activity of var. (wild watermelon, WWM); however, the active ingredient was unknown. Here, we performed metabolomic analysis to evaluate the ingredients of WWM associated with antiviral activity.

Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus.

It is difficult to match annual vaccines against the exact influenza strain that is spreading in any given flu season. Owing to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are needed. (hereinafter Euglena), microalga, used as functional foods and supplements, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of influenza virus infection in mice.

Development of a method for evaluating the mRNA transcription activity of influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Background: The development of an influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor is required; therefore, a method for evaluating the activity of influenza RdRp needs to be developed. The current method uses an ultracentrifuge to separate viral particles and quantifies RdRp activity with radioisotope-labeled nucleosides, such as P-GTP. This method requires special equipment and radioisotope management, so it cannot be implemented in all institutions.

Juice of (wild watermelon) inhibits the entry and propagation of influenza viruses in vitro and in vivo.

Vaccines and various anti-influenza drugs are clinically used to prevent and treat influenza infections. However, with the antigenic mismatch of vaccines and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are warranted. This study focused on natural foods as potential candidates for the development of new treatment options for influenza infections.

Analysis of the glycoproteins of Seoul orthohantavirus strain B1 associated with fusion activity.

We analyzed two virus variants (S1 and L1) from Seoul orthohantavirus strain B1. Strain B1 produces large opaque plaques when plated on Vero E6 cell monolayers. However, although the L1 variant produced the large opaque plaques common to the strain, the variant S1 produced small clear ones on Vero E6 cells.

Inhibition of influenza virus replication by adlay tea.

Background: The present study was conducted aiming to examine the antiviral activity of adlay tea and its components against influenza viruses. We further aimed to clarify the mechanism by which these components regulate virus replication.

Results: Adlay tea at a concentration suitable for drinking inhibited the multiplication of influenza viruses.

Appearance of renal hemorrhage in adult mice after inoculation of patient-derived hantavirus.

Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantavirus infection is characterized by fever, renal dysfunction and hemorrhage. An animal model mimicking symptoms of HFRS remains to be established. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of an HFRS patient-derived Hantaan virus (HTNV) in adult mice.

Analysis of ganciclovir-resistant human herpesvirus 6B clinical isolates using quenching probe PCR methodology.

Quenching probe PCR (QP-PCR) analysis was used to determine the frequency of ganciclovir (GCV) resistance among clinical isolates of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) obtained from patients with primary viral infection and viral reactivation. Forty-two HHV-6B clinical isolates were repeatedly recovered from 15 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, and 20 isolates were recovered from 20 exanthem subitum (ES) patients. Of the 15 HSCT recipients, 9 received GCV during the observation period; however, none of the ES patients were treated with GCV.

PCR with quenching probes enables the rapid detection and identification of ganciclovir-resistance-causing U69 gene mutations in human herpesvirus 6.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism detection assay using PCR with quenching probes (QP-PCR) was developed for the rapid detection of antiviral drug-resistance mutations of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The mutations examined were in the HHV-6 U69 gene, and were single-base mutations in sequences known to be associated with ganciclovir (GCV) resistance in HCMV. We previously confirmed that they conferred GCV resistance to recombinant baculoviruses (Nakano et al.

Relationship between U83 gene variation in human herpesvirus 6 and secretion of the U83 gene product.

The betaherpesvirus human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has two variants. The U83 gene product of strain HST is a chemoattractant for monocytes. Here, we describe U83 gene variations that accumulated in variants A and B.