[Case of Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Papilla of Vater Metastasizing to the Lung after Resection].

A 79-year-old man visited a hospital for right upper abdominal pain and nausea. After conservative treatment for cholangitis and pancreatitis owing to a pancreatic head lesion, he was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment of the lesion. He was diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer or carcinoma of papilla of Vater and underwent subtotal stomach- preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions on the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An analysis of the JAAM-OHCA registry.

Aim: To determine whether dispatcher-provided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions improve the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: Cases registered in the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (JAAM-OHCA) Registry between June 2014 and December 2019 were included. Cases in which the dispatcher provided CPR instructions to the bystander were included in the "Instructions" group", and cases without CPR instructions were included in the "No Instructions" group.

[A Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis That Is Difficult to Distinguish from Advanced Gallbladder Cancer with Invasion of the Transverse Colon].

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of hepatic dysfunction found during a medical checkup. Cholecystitis was suspected, and unenhanced computed tomography (CT) was initially performed because she had bronchial asthma. However, a tumor-like lesion was seen at the bottom of the gallbladder.

Citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in arthritic joints and its potential effect in the neutrophil migration.

The citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (cit-ITIH4) was identified as its blood level was associated with the arthritis score in peptide glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-induced arthritis (pGIA) mice and the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to clarify its citrullination pathway and function as related to neutrophils. In pGIA-afflicted joints, ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 levels were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting (WB), while peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), IHC and immunofluorescent methods.

Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Attitude toward Registration Trials and Clinical Research: A Survey in a Japanese University Hospital.

Clinical research plays a fundamental role in establishing new treatments. Clinical research coordinators are considered essential in clinical research, and medical professionals such as pharmacists often take on this role. Pharmacy students can be considered future candidates for this task.

[A Case of Heterochronic Ovarian Metastasis from Sigmoid Colon Cancer after Sigmoidectomy Treated with CapeOX That Included Bevacizumab].

The patient was a 41-year-old woman. When she was 39 years old, she had undergone laparoscopic high anterior resection for sigmoid colon cancer without adjuvant chemotherapy. Histologically, the surgical specimen was type 2, tub2, pT4a (SE), pN0, int, INF b, ly1, v1, and pStage II.

Noncompetitive immunoassay detection system for haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies.

Background: Small molecules classified as haptens are generally measured by competitive immunoassay, which is theoretically inferior to noncompetitive sandwich immunoassay in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We created a method for developing sandwich immunoassays to measure haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies.

Methods: We generated antimetatype monoclonal antibodies against a hapten-antibody immunocomplex using an ex vivo antibody development system, the Autonomously Diversifying Library (ADLib) system.

High-dose corticosteroid therapy for erlotinib-induced interstitial lung disease in Japanese patient with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Context: Erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as a target therapy against non-small lung cancer and advanced pancreatic cancer. A regimen of erlotinib plus gemcitabine has been proven to prolong overall survival in the patient with advanced pancreatic cancer. In addition to common adverse effects, such as diarrhea, mucositis and skin rash (acne form eruptions), acute interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported as an infrequent but potentially fatal complication.

Cisplatin influences acquisition of resistance to molecular-targeted agents through epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes.

Chemotherapy with platinum agents is the standard of care for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, novel molecular-targeted agents like gefitinib have been approved for advanced NSCLCs, including recurrent cases previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Although these agents show antitumor activity through distinct mechanisms and elicit positive initial responses, tumors invariably develop resistance. Recent studies have revealed mechanisms by which both types of agents induce acquired resistance.

Cyclizations producing hydrindanones with two methyl groups at the juncture positions mediated by samarium diiodide and electrolysis.

One-electron reductive intramolecular cyclization of enones with ketones or aldehydes mediated by samarium diiodide and electrolysis to afford cis-trimethyl- hydrindanolones. The reactions gave selectivities ranging from 1:1 to 100:0 depending on the conditions.

Liver epithelial cells proliferate under hypoxia and protect the liver from ischemic injury via expression of HIF-1 alpha target genes.

Background: The remnant liver after extended liver resection is susceptible to ischemic injury, resulting in the failure of liver regeneration and liver dysfunction. The present study is aimed to investigate the protective role of the liver epithelial cells (LEC), a liver progenitor cell, on hepatocytes with ischemia in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: LECs were isolated from rats and cultured under hypoxic conditions (2% O(2)).

Overexpressed HER2 in NSCLC is a possible therapeutic target of EGFR inhibitors.

Background: "Oncogene addiction" is a concept in which tumor cells exhibit dependence on certain oncogene(s) for their sustained proliferation and survival, thus providing the rationale for molecular targeted therapies. Cancer cells addicted to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) bear activated mutations in the EGFR gene, and these mutations are used as the markers for predicting carcinomas susceptible to EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, other unknown mechanisms underlying susceptibility to EGFR inhibitors have also been suggested.

Like likes like: counterion-mediated attraction in macroionic and colloidal interaction.

The colloidal and macroionic interaction is discussed within the mean-field approach. Bound pairs of latex particles are photographed at a low particle volume fraction of 10(-4). The effective pair-potential obtained therefrom has an attractive tail for highly charged samples, while no attraction is detected for a low-charge sample.

Novel monoclonal antibodies recognizing the active conformation of epidermal growth factor receptor.

The precise regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for its function in cellular growth control. Although many antibodies against EGFR have been developed and used to analyze its regulation and function, it is not yet easy to analyze activated EGFR specifically. Activated EGFR has been mainly detected by its phosphorylation state using anti-phospho-EGFR and anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies.

Epstein-Barr virus-positive inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen managed with laparoscopic splenectomy.

We report a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive splenic inflammatory pseudotumor treated by laparoscopic splenectomy. A 66-year-old female without symptoms was found to have a solitary, avascular, solid tumor of the spleen by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The tumor was compatible with a primary tumor of the spleen.

Three cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice.

Background: Despite improved diagnostic tools, it is often difficult to make a correct diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Case Outlines: Three cases of small HCC (<2 cm diameter) presenting as obstructive jaundice are reported. All tumours were initially diagnosed as hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on ultrasonography, computed tomography, cholangiography and angiography.

When, why, and how does like like like?: Electrostatic attraction between similarly charged species.

In the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) framework of the past 60 years, colloidal interaction between similarly charged particles has been claimed to be simply repulsive, and an attraction such as the van der Waals interaction is attached to the Coulombic repulsion. Statistical-thermodynamic considerations show that the electrostatic Helmholtz free energy ΔF(el) is generally not equal to the electrostatic Gibbs free energy ΔG(el) for simple ionic solutions, and the difference ΔG(el) -ΔF(el) (corresponding to the electrostatic osmotic pressure p(el) ) becomes larger with increasing charge number. Thus, it is expected that ΔG(el) -ΔF(el) be large for highly charged macroions.

Rupture and regeneration of colloidal crystals as studied by two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering.

The structure of colloidal crystals of silica particles in water was studied by using the two-dimensional (2D) ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) technique. By violent shaking of the dispersion, large (body-centered cubic, bcc) crystals were broken into microcrystals while the lattice structure and lattice constant were preserved. The 2D-USAXS profiles revealed that the [111] direction of bcc microcrystals was parallel to the capillary axis and their orientational distribution with respect to the capillary axis was random.

Structure of colloidal crystals in sedimenting mixed dispersions of latex and silica particles.

We report bcc-fcc transitions of colloidal crystals in mixed aqueous dispersions of polystyrene-based latex particles (diameter: D=55.8 nm) and silica particles (diameter: D=170 nm). In the single systems, the silica particles formed bcc crystals and the latex particles did not crystallize.

Enhanced proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells in rats after portal branch occlusion.

It is known that hepatic progenitor cells increase in number after liver injury caused by carcinogens, but this injury cannot be reproduced in humans. In order to create a practical source of hepatic progenitor cells, changes in the number of liver epithelial cells (LECs), a type of hepatic progenitor cell, were examined following partial interruption of the portal flow. Efficiency in this isolation procedure was investigated, and isolated LECs were transplanted into livers to demonstrate their differentiation into hepatocytes in vivo.

Outcomes and indications of segmental pancreatectomy. Comparison with distal pancreatectomy.

Background/aim: To preserve pancreatic function, segmental pancreatectomy has been proposed for benign or low-malignancy tumors in the pancreatic body. Indications for the procedure, however, are still controversial.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of segmental pancreatectomy compared with distal pancreatectomy and subsequently determined indications for segmental pancreatectomy.

Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-21 (HSP90) is characteristically and predominantly expressed in germline cells: spatial and temporal analysis.

Three monoclonal antibodies against antigens that exist in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line have previously been described. In the present study, a full-length mRNA for one of these antigens was isolated, and by sequencing its corresponding cDNA, it was predicted that the protein would show a high homology with the 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) in other species, and with the protein of daf-21, a previously identified hsp90 homologue. The spatial and temporal distribution of the antigen (DAF-21) was analyzed in C.

Raf1 plays a pivotal role in lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of dendritic cells.

Activation of extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular responses such as the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38 are also activated by LPS and have been postulated to be important in the control of these end points. Therefore, establishing the relative contribution of MAPKs in each cell type is important, as is elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which these MAPKs are activated in LPS-induced signaling cascades.

Acute emphysematous cholecystitis preceded by symptoms of ileus: report of a case.

We herein describe a case of acute emphysematous cholecystitis in which the patient presented with symptoms of ileus. The patient was a 72-year-old man with no history of diabetes mellitus. He presented with epigastric pain, vomiting, and low-grade fever.