Iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which proved to be an iodine-sufficient area. Is mandatory salt iodisation enough for pregnant women?

The objective of this study was to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which was stated as iodine sufficient area after salt iodination program. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out on 3543 pregnant women. Age, gestational weeks, smoking, consumption of iodized salt, dietary salt restriction, history of stillbirth, abortus and congenital malformations were questioned.

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD by using free fetal DNA.

Objective: Anti-D immunoglobulin is applied to all pregnant women having RhD incompatibility to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. The aim of this study is to determine fetal RhD status in the Rh incompatible pregnancies with an non-invasive technique; free fetal DNA isolation from maternal circulation. In the case of Rh incompatibility especially with a history of previous fetal anemia, it can be beneficial to know Rh status antenatally in terms of monitoring fetuses with Rh positive [RhD(+)] status consciously.

Intrauterine endometriotic cyst at the site of previous cesarean scar; scar endometriosis.

Uterine scar endometriosis is an extremely rare entitiy. As the surgical procedures of the uterus increases through time, scar endometriosis may be diagnosed more often in the future. A case of uterine scar endometriosis is presented with complaints of menstruation lasting one day with associated pelvic pain.

Patients with epithelial cell abnormality in PAP smears: correlation of results with follow-up smears and cervical biopsies.

Objective: Cervical carcinoma has been included in the preventable diseases category ever since the use of cervical cytology in routine practice. The Pap test is an efficient screening test. We aimed to compare the cervical cytology diagnosis with biopsy and smear follow up results in our institution.

The utility of transrectal ultrasound in adolescents when transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound is not feasible.

Study Objective: To present the indications and diagnosis in adolescents undergoing transrectal ultrasound (RU).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: Adolescents presenting to gynecology clinic between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012.

Retinol-binding protein 4 is elevated and is associated with free testosterone and TSH in postmenopausal women.

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with hormonal and biochemical parameters in pre- and postmenopausal women. We included 69 postmenopausal women and 27 regularly menstruating premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women had statistically significantly higher RBP4 levels when compared to premenopausal women.

Can quadruple test parameters predict SGA infants?

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of quadruple test parameters in predicting the risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) infant. The quadruple test results of patients performed at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy were searched retrospectively. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels higher than 2 MoM were associated with a risk of delivering an SGA infant (p = 0.

Results of midtrimester emergency cerclage.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of midtrimester emergency cerclage and to find out the contributing factors.

Study Design: Twenty-five patients presenting with cervical dilation and effacement with the membranes at the level of the external os or prolapsed into the vagina were included in the study. At the time of the cervical cerclage placement, gestational age ranged from 14-26 weeks.

Serum visfatin levels do not increase in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the serum visfatin levels in post-menopausal (PM) women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) and to understand the correlation between serum visfatin levels and various other hormonal and metabolic parameters.

Materials-methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study including 17 PM women with MS and a control group of 51 PM women without MS. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.

Clinical importance of detection of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and actinomyces in Papanicolaou smears.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of Papanicolaou (pap) smears in the diagnosis of lower genital tract infections.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was planned by reviewing charts of patients for trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis, actinomyces, candida and nonspecific vaginitis.

Results: Charts of 9,080 patients were reviewed and 1,733 women had a diagnosis of lower genital tract infection in the pap smear or had had a clinically treated lower genital tract infection.

A short rib polydactyly syndrome overlapping both lethal and nonlethal types.

Short rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) type II is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited, lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by polydactyly, short limbs, short and horizontal ribs, a short ovoid tibia and major organ anomalies. We report a patient with a fetus with SRPS type II that presented at the 19th week of pregnancy for amniocentesis because of maternal age. During ultrasound pre-axial synpolydacytly, a short and ovoid tibia, nuchal edema, vertebral irregularities, hypoplastic thorax with short ribs and talipes were detected.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome--timely diagnosis is important to preserve fertility.

Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is an urogenital malformation with uterus didelphys and obstructed hemivagina with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Most of these patients present after the onset of menstruation. We describe two cases diagnosed too late to prevent the complications.

Serum visfatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of visfatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to understand its correlations with other metabolic and hormonal parameters. Thirty-seven patients with PCOS and 30 women without concomitant disease were included in this study. Serum visfatin levels were similar in patients with PCOS and control group.

C-reactive protein and lipoprotein-a as markers of coronary heart disease in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of coronary heart disease, CRP and Lipoprotein-a in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Material And Methods: Prospectively collected data of polycystic ovary syndrome patients (n=62) and control group (n=40) were compared.

Results: PCOS patients had higher HOMA-IR, CRP, DHEAS, free testosterone, FAI, LH and prolactin levels when compared to the control group.

Lobular carcinoma of the breast metastasizing to leiomyoma in a patient under letrozole treatment.

Metastasis of extragenital neoplasms to the uterus is extremely rare. Lobular breast cancers metastasize to the uterus more than ductal carcinomas, but they metastasize as tiny nodules that can be missed with the standard diagnostic workup. Uterine involvement by a metastatic tumor is usually a manifestation of end-stage disease; patients are reported to die within weeks to months.

Prenatal diagnosis of a digynic triploid fetus in the second trimester: transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound, color doppler and fetoplacental Doppler velocity waveform findings.

Introduction: Triploidy in the second trimester is a sporadic, rare lethal chromosomal abnormality characterized by an extra haploid chromosome set (3n = 69). Doppler blood flow study in fetal triploidy syndrome is rarely reported in the literature.

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old woman at 18 weeks of gestation was referred to our fetal medicine unit.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital harlequin ichthyosis with 2D, 3D, and 4D ultrasonography.

Harlequin fetus is a rare and mostly fatal form of congenital ichthyosis that can be diagnosed by fetal skin biopsy in patients with a family history of the disease. More recently DNA analysis of amniocentesis and chorion villus sampling materials have also been utilized. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed congenital ichthyosis with no previous family history.

Isolated tubal torsion in pregnancy--a rare case.

Isolated fallopian tube torsion is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy. Patients present with lower quadrant abdominal pain, and some have nausea and vomiting. There is no pathognomic diagnostic sign, so most patients are operated when it is too late to save the tube by detorsion alone.

Borderline micropapillary serous tumor of the ovary detected during a cesarean section due to a transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage in a patient with congenital cervical hypoplasia: a rare case.

A young woman with polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital cervical hypoplasia conceived with clomifen citrate treatment after placement of a transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage. Her pregnancy successfully reached term and cesarean section was performed to preserve the cerclage for the next pregnancy; when the ovaries were explored an irregular structure was detected on the left ovary. A wedge biopsy was done and the pathological assessment of the specimen was borderline micropapillary serous tumor of the ovary.

Management of a rare case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in pregnancy: a case report.

Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a heritable disease of the heart muscle characterized by fibrofatty degeneration of cardiomyocytes. Patients present with ventricular arrhythmias or congestive heart failure, and sometimes sudden cardiac death occurs. Prenatal diagnosis has become possible with the detection of mutations, but, to the best of our knowledge, no case of prenatal diagnosis has been reported previously.

Placental volume and vascularization flow indices by 3D power Doppler US using VOCAL technique and correlation with IGF-1, free beta-hCG, PAPP-A, and uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between first trimester placental volume (PV) and blood flow indexes (FIs), bilateral uterine artery pulsatility indexes, notching, and biochemical parameters: pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (f-β-hCG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to predict the high-risk pregnancies in the first trimester.

Methods: We prospectively examined 310 patients at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy using transabdominal 3D gray scale and power Doppler ultrasound for assessing PV, vascularization index, FI, and vascularization FI (VFI). The acquired volumes were analyzed using VOCAL™ imaging software.

Prenatal early diagnosis of dacryocystocele, a case report and review of literature.

Dacryocystocele (mucocele, amniocele) is a relatively rare variant of nasolacrimal duct obstruction which refers to the cystic dilatation of lacrimal pathway above and below the lacrimal sac. It is a benign pathology and can be treated successfully after birth, but its prenatal detection is important, because it may be seen in numerous syndromes and may serve as their marker. Bilateral cysts have the possibility for intranasal extension and an obstruction to the nasal passages may result in neonatal respiratory distress requiring surgical intervention Unilateral cases are important for the differential diagnosis with serious facial abnormalities.

Parental origin of the two additional haploid sets of chromosomes in an embryo with tetraploidy.

We report on the molecular investigations performed on an embryo with tetraploidy, karyotype 92,XXXY. The embryo was spontaneously aborted after eight weeks of gestation. Molecular analyses were performed in order to determine the parental origin and mode of formation of the two additional haploid sets of chromosomes.