Publications by authors named "Iscaro A"

PIEZO1 encodes a mechanoreceptor, a cation channel activated by mechanical stimuli. Gain-of-function (GoF) variants in PIEZO1 cause dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS), or xerocytosis, a pleiotropic syndrome characterized by anemia and iron overload. DHS patients develop hepatic iron overload independent of the degree of anemia and transfusion regimen.

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Article Synopsis
  • Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type I (CDA I) is a rare genetic anemia marked by symptoms like enlarged spleen and iron overload, with unique features in late red blood cell development.
  • In a study of 36 patients suspected of having CDA I, 89% received a molecular diagnosis, identifying 16 cases linked to specific gene variants, while others were diagnosed with different conditions like pyruvate kinase deficiency.
  • No major differences were found in the shape of red blood cells between CDA I and non-CDA I patients, but those with non-CDA I experienced more severe anemia and were more likely to require blood transfusions.
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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively replicate in and destroy cancer cells resulting in anti-tumor immunity. However, clinical use remains a challenge because of virus clearance upon intravenous delivery. OV packaging using a nanomedicine approach could overcome this.

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as promising and potential anti-cancer therapeutic agents, not only able to kill cancer cells directly by selective intracellular viral replication, but also to promote an immune response against tumor. Unfortunately, the bioavailability under systemic administration of OVs is limited because of undesired inactivation caused by host immune system and neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream. To address this issue, a novel hyaluronic acid based redox responsive nanohydrogel was developed in this study as delivery system for OVs, with the aim to protect the OVs following systemic administration.

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Background: Tumours are no longer regarded as isolated masses of aberrantly proliferating epithelial cells. Rather, their properties depend on complex interactions between epithelial cancer cells and the surrounding stromal compartment within the tumour microenvironment. In particular, leukocyte infiltration plays a role in controlling tumour development and is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major cellular stromal component of many solid tumors. In prostate cancer (PCa), CAFs establish a metabolic symbiosis with PCa cells, contributing to cancer aggressiveness through lactate shuttle. In this study, we report that lactate uptake alters the NAD/NADH ratio in the cancer cells, which culminates with SIRT1-dependent PGC-1α activation and subsequent enhancement of mitochondrial mass and activity.

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Leukocyte infiltration plays an active role in controlling tumor development. In the early stages of carcinogenesis, T cells counteract tumor growth. However, in advanced stages, cancer cells and infiltrating stromal components interfere with the immune control and instruct immune cells to support, rather than counteract, tumor malignancy, via cell-cell contact or soluble mediators.

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A derivative of ammonia caramel colour (AC) is known to induce a selective lymphopenia in rats. Accordingly, the haematological effects were studied in mice of oral administration in drinking water of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), the component of AC responsible for lymphopenia. Initially five groups of BALB/c mice (five mice per group) were given doses of THI ranging from 0 to 200 parts/10(6) and bled weekly.

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We have previously reported that the cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha each upregulate the expression of class I MHC proteins and, in combination, induce the expression of class II MHC proteins on pancreatic islet cells. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are therefore implicated in the immunologic destruction of beta-cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present study was to define the effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on the function and viability of murine pancreatic islet beta-cells in vitro.

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