Short-term increase in the carriage of azithromycin-resistant and in mothers and their newborns following intra-partum azithromycin: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of one oral dose of intrapartum azithromycin (2 g) on the carriage and antibiotic resistance of and in the nasopharynx, breast milk and vaginal swabs of mothers and in the nasopharynx of their newborns.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized-trial (ratio 1:1) conducted in The Gambia. Breast milk (BM) and vaginal swabs (VS) from mothers and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from mother-newborn pairs were collected at different timepoints during the 4 week follow-up.

Long-term Impact of Oral Azithromycin Taken by Gambian Women During Labor on Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Their Infants: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Oral azithromycin given to women in labor decreases maternal and neonatal bacterial carriage but increases azithromycin-resistant bacteria during at least 4 weeks following the intervention. We assessed the prevalence of bacterial carriage and azithromycin resistance 12 months after treatment among study infants.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected between November 2014 and May 2015 from children aged 11-13 months whose mothers had received azithromycin or placebo during labor.