Publications by authors named "Isao Oze"

Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: It has been suggested that the association between body mass index and breast cancer risk differs between Asian women and Western women. We aimed to assess the associations between body mass index and breast cancer incidence in East Asian women.

Methods: Pooled analyses were performed using individual participant data of 319,189 women from 13 cohort studies in Japan, Korea, and China.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The prospective cohort study in a large Japanese population suggested that metabolic phenotypes are important risk factors for total and some site-specific cancers in Japanese adults. Moreover, the risk of each site-specific cancer may differ according to metabolic phenotypes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adding adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy after surgery in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who previously received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NAC-S).
  • - A total of 52 patients participated, with a reported 3-year relapse-free survival rate of 72.3% and overall survival rate of 85.0%, indicating successful outcomes for the primary endpoint.
  • - The treatment had some side effects, with the most common grade ≥3 adverse events being neutropenia, anorexia, and diarrhea; however, no treatment-related deaths occurred, suggesting it is a safe option worth exploring further.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Fosnetupitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). Previous phase III trials demonstrated the non-inferiority of its 30-minute infusion to fosaprepitant in efficacy and a favorable safety profile.

Methods: This was a single-arm, phase II study to investigate the safety of a 15-minute infusion of fosnetupitant in patients with gastrointestinal and breast cancer.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: The global burden of obesity is increasing, as are colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality.

Objectives: To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and risks of incident CRC and CRC-related death in the Asian population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study includes data pooled from 17 prospective cohort studies included in The Asia Cohort Consortium.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) is an essential cytotoxic anticancer agent and a standard treatment regimen component for various malignant tumors, including advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer, thymic cancer, and primary unknown cancers. However, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) caused by PTX is a significant adverse event that may lead to chemotherapy discontinuation and deterioration of the quality of life (QOL). Although treatment modalities such as goshajinkigan (GJG), pregabalin, and duloxetine are empirically utilized for CIPN, there is no established evidence for an agent as a preventive measure.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Evidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes.

Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigated the link between small fish consumption and mortality rates, focusing on a cohort of 80,802 participants in Japan aged 35-69.
  • - Results showed that higher intake of small fish significantly lowered the risk of all-cause and cancer-related deaths in females, while no notable relationship was found for males.
  • - The findings suggest that incorporating small fish into the diet may be beneficial for reducing mortality risks, particularly for women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted using data from 968,738 adults across 20 cohort studies in Asia to investigate the link between diabetes and liver cancer incidence and mortality.
  • The findings revealed that adults with diabetes had a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with liver cancer (hazard ratio of 1.97) and dying from it (adjusted hazard ratio of 1.97) compared to those without diabetes.
  • The robust results, supported by a two-stage meta-analysis, contribute valuable evidence to the understanding of liver cancer risks among diabetic populations in Asian countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the link between smoking and breast cancer risk, despite the biological plausibility of a positive association.

Methods: Participants were 166 611 women from nine prospective cohort studies in Japan which launched in 1984-1994 and followed for 8-22 years. Information on smoking and secondhand smoke was obtained through self-administered baseline questionnaires.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Recent trials have reported a median overall survival (OS) of 11-17 months in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, it is unclear how recently approved drugs contribute to patient prognosis.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and survival in patients with AGC over the past 15 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A large study analyzed data from 444,143 Japanese individuals to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk.
  • Results showed that lower BMI, specifically under 18.5, increased lung cancer risk, while being overweight or obese correlated with reduced risk.
  • The findings suggest an inverse relationship between BMI and lung cancer risk in the Japanese population, with the effect being more significant in male smokers, indicating possible smoking-related confounding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A study investigated the genetic factors influencing alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals, focusing on a specific genetic variant (rs671) associated with drinking behavior.
  • The analysis found significant genetic interactions, identifying three key genetic locations in individuals with one variant (wild-type homozygotes) and six in those with two variants (heterozygotes), with some linked to esophageal cancer risk.
  • The research highlights how genetic makeup can shape alcohol consumption patterns and potentially increase the risk of alcohol-related diseases in different ancestral groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The relationships between the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the intestinal flora have attracted increasing attention. However, the effects of oral probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs in patients treated with and without chemotherapy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Reproductive factors, such as age at menarche, are known to be associated with disease risk, but data on trends in these factors in Japan are limited. In this study, we investigated secular trends in reproductive factors and explored their potential association with socioeconomic and historical events.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 62,005 Japanese women born between 1890 and 1991 using a survey conducted over 25 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities have impacted head and neck cancer (HNC) prognosis, but their effects on subsite-specific prognosis remain unclear. This study aimed to assess subsite-specific trends in mid- and long-term survival for HNC patients diagnosed from 1993 to 2011 using data from population-based cancer registries in Japan. We estimated the net survival (NS) for HNC by subsite using data from 13 prefectural population-based cancer registries in Japan.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Body fatness is highlighted as a potential risk factor for biliary tract cancer (BTC), with established correlations between obesity and cholelithiasis (gallstones).
  • A comprehensive analysis of data from over 905,000 participants across 21 studies in Asia found that higher body mass index (BMI) correlates with increased BTC mortality, especially in females.
  • The study indicates that while obesity is linked to BTC mortality in women without gallstones, the relationship is less clear in men and when gallstones are present, suggesting complex interactions between BMI, gender, and gallstone presence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Fluorouracil (FU) exerts its antitumor activity by inhibiting folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Evidence that folate may play a role in the carcinogenic process via folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism has given rise to the hypothesis that pre-diagnostic folate intake may induce heterogeneous chemosensitivity to FU-containing induction chemotherapy (IC) in head and neck cancer. To assess this hypothesis, we conducted a cohort study to investigate whether the association between prediagnostic dietary folate intake and cancer survival differed between treatment regimens with and without FU-containing IC in 504 cases of locally advanced (stage III/IV) HNSCC, using an epidemiologic database combined with clinical data.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Improving diets requires an awareness of the need to limit foods for which excessive consumption is a health problem. Since there are limited reports on the link between this awareness and mortality risk, we examined the association between awareness of limiting food intake (energy, fat, and sweets) and all-cause mortality in a Japanese cohort study.

Methods: Participants comprised 58,772 residents (27,294 men; 31,478 women) aged 35-69 years who completed baseline surveys of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study from 2004 to 2014.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified many putative susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, susceptibility miRNAs, critical dysregulators of gene expression, remain unexplored. We genotyped DNA samples from 313 CRC East Asian patients and performed small RNA sequencing in their normal colon tissues distant from tumors to build genetic models for predicting miRNA expression.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder accounting for ~20% of cancer-related deaths, yet its metabolic landscape remains unexplored. Here, we report a decrease in B vitamin-related liver enzymes as a hallmark of systemic metabolic changes occurring in cancer cachexia. Metabolomics of multiple mouse models highlights cachexia-associated reductions of niacin, vitamin B6, and a glycine-related subset of one-carbon (C1) metabolites in the liver.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF