Application of Conservation Genomics to Investigate the Role of Pathogens on the Migration of Sea-Run Brown Trout (Salmo trutta).

Pathogens play a key role in individual function and the dynamics of wild populations, but the link between pathogens and individual performance has rarely been investigated in the wild. Migrating salmonids offer an ideal study system to investigate how infection with pathogens affects performance given that climate change and fish farming portend increasing prevalence of pathogens in wild populations. To test for effects of pathogen burden on the performance of a migrating salmonid, we paired data from individual brown trout tagged with acoustic accelerometer transmitters and gill biopsies to investigate how pathogen infection affected whole animal activity during the spawning migration.

Evaluating an equity-focused approach to assess climate resilience and disaster priorities through a community survey.

As the Duwamish Valley community in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

Ultraviolet radiation exposure in cannabis-growing facilities.

Cannabis cultivation and processing is becoming an important industry in the United States and Canada. The industry employs over 400,000 workers in the United States and is growing rapidly. Both natural sunlight and artificial lamp-generated radiation are commonly used to grow cannabis plants.

The effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 on adult neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in an in vitro model of ischemic stroke.

The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles represents a main region where neural stem cells (NSCs) of the mature central nervous system (CNS) reside. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the largest subclass of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of ligands. BMP4 is one such member and plays important roles in adult NSC differentiation.

Protocol for mouse adult neural stem cell isolation and culture.

This protocol entails a simple method for isolation, culturing, and differentiation of adult neural stem cells from the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of adult mice. Cultured adult neural stem cells are an important model to investigate stem cell properties such as proliferation and differentiation and to expand the understanding of plasticity in the adult brain. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Isaksen et al.

Proton-sensing receptor GPR132 facilitates migration of astrocytes.

Astrocytes are one of the first responders to central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI). They are thought to repress injury-induced CNS inflammation as well as inhibit axonal regeneration. While reactive astrocytes migrate and accumulate around the lesion core, the mechanism of astrocyte migration towards the lesion site remains unclear.

Establishing a Community Air Monitoring Network in a Wildfire Smoke-Prone Rural Community: The Motivations, Experiences, Challenges, and Ideas of Clean Air Methow's Clean Air Ambassadors.

In response to wildfire-related air quality issues as well as those associated with winter wood stove use and prescribed and agricultural burning, Clean Air Methow's Clean Air Ambassador program established a community air monitoring network (CAMN) to provide geospatially specific air quality information and supplement data generated by the two Washington State Department of Ecology nephelometers situated in the area. Clean Air Ambassadors (CAAs) were purposefully selected to host low-cost air sensors based on their geographic location and interest in air quality. All 18 CAAs were interviewed to understand their motivations for participation, experiences using the data, challenges encountered, and recommendations for future project directions.

Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Regulates Adult Neurogenesis Via the Neogenin Receptor.

Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) exhibits repulsive guidance of axonal growth and regulates neuronal differentiation during development of the mammalian brain. In this commentary, we describe the findings of our recent paper, "Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Suppresses Adult Neurogenesis," and discuss a possible model for RGMa suppression of newborn neurons that fail to properly migrate into the granular cell layer. In the study, we provided evidence that RGMa suppressed neurite growth and survival of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus.

The α Na/K-ATPase isoform mediates LPS-induced neuroinflammation.

Na/K-ATPase is a transmembrane ion pump that is essential for the maintenance of ion gradients and regulation of multiple cellular functions. Na/K-ATPase has been associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling, a signal associated with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)-induced immune response in connection with activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. However, the contribution of Na/K-ATPase to regulating inflammatory responses remains elusive.

How pathogens affect the marine habitat use and migration of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in two Norwegian fjord systems.

Wild fish are confronting changing pathogen dynamics arising from anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Pathogens can influence animal behaviour and life histories, yet there are little such data from fish in the high north where pathogen dynamics may differ from comparatively southern regions. We aimed to compare the pathogen communities of 160 wild anadromous brown trout in two fjords in northern Norway and to determine whether pathogens influenced area use or return to spawn.

Wildfire Smoke Risk Communication Efficacy: A Content Analysis of Washington State's 2018 Statewide Smoke Event Public Health Messaging.

Context: Wildfire events are increasing in prevalence and intensity in the Pacific Northwest. Effective communication of health risks and actions to reduce exposure to wildfire smoke is imperative.

Objective: We assessed the content of wildfire smoke risk messages from government organizations and mainstream media during a major wildfire smoke event in August 2018.

Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Suppresses Adult Neurogenesis.

Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that exhibits repulsive neurite guidance and regulates neuronal differentiation and survival during brain development. However, the function of RGMa in the adult brain is unknown. Here, we show that RGMa is expressed in the adult hippocampus and provide evidence that RGMa signaling suppresses adult neurogenesis.

Dietary Intake of Marine Polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism.

Background:  Limited knowledge exists on the association between intake of long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objectives:  This article investigates whether intake of marine n-3 PUFAs was associated with risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with incident VTE.

Methods:  A total of 595 patients with incident VTE and available data on n-3 PUFA intake were derived from the Tromsø Study surveys 4 (1994-1995) and 6 (2007-2008).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and future risk of venous thromboembolism.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of future arterial cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. However, there are limited data on the association between CRF and the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objectives: To investigate whether estimated CRF (eCRF) was associated with the risk of incident VTE in a cohort recruited from the general population.

The Role of Stroke as a Trigger for Incident Venous Thromboembolism: Results from a Population-based Case-Crossover Study.

Stroke is associated with a short-term increased risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is unclear to what extent this association is mediated by stroke-related complications that are potential triggers for VTE, such as immobilization and infection. We aimed to investigate the role of acute stroke as a trigger for incident VTE while taking other concomitant VTE triggers into account.

Myocardial Infarction as a Transient Risk Factor for Incident Venous Thromboembolism: Results from a Population-Based Case-Crossover Study.

Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are at increased short-term risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The mechanisms behind this association are unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of acute MI as a transient risk factor for incident VTE while taking other concomitant VTE risk factors into account.

Physical activity and risk of recurrence and mortality after incident venous thromboembolism.

Background: Limited data exist on the relationship between physical activity and major complications after incident venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objectives: To investigate whether physical activity was associated with risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with VTE recruited from the general population.

Methods: Patients with incident VTE (n = 786) derived from the Tromsø Study surveys 4-6 (1994-1995, 2001-2002, and 2007-2008) were included, and data on physical activity were dichotomized according to the activity level reported in the survey preceding the incident VTE (inactive: <1 hour per week, active: ≥1 hour per week).

Fecal coliform concentrations in effluent from ultraviolet disinfection units installed in onsite wastewater treatment systems.

Ultraviolet disinfection (UVD) units enhance onsite sewage systems (OSSs) in areas where conventional treatment is limited by site characteristics. Although UVD units are efficacious under testing conditions, few studies have considered their effectiveness when installed. This study used a mixed-methods approach to examine UVD unit effluent quality and determine the association between UV bulb status and fecal coliform levels.

HSPA12A targets the cytoplasmic domain and affects the trafficking of the Amyloid Precursor Protein receptor SorLA.

SorLA and Sortilin are multifunctional receptors involved in endocytosis and intracellular sorting of different and unrelated ligands. SorLA has recently attracted much attention as a novel strong risk gene for Alzheimer's disease, and much effort is currently being put into understanding the underlying molecular mechanism. Trafficking of SorLA and Sortilin are mediated by interacting with AP-1, AP-2, GGA 1-3 and the retromer complex.

Dietary intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and future risk of venous thromboembolism.

Background: Studies on the association between long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are conflicting, potentially due to challenges related to assessment of n-3 PUFA intake and changes in diet during follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate whether dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs was associated with risk of incident VTE in a population-based cohort with repeated assessments of n-3 PUFA intake.

Methods: We recruited 21 970 participants (after excluding 7570 with incomplete data) from the fourth (1994-1995) and sixth (2007-2008) surveys of the Tromsø Study, and recorded incident VTEs up to 2016.

Repeated assessments of physical activity and risk of incident venous thromboembolism.

Essentials It is debated whether physical activity influences the risk of venous thromboembolism. The association was explored accounting for fluctuations in physical activity over time. Overall and in the elderly, physical activity was associated with 23% and 30% lower risk.

Acute infection as a trigger for incident venous thromboembolism: Results from a population-based case-crossover study.

Background: A bidirectional relation exists between acute infection and immobilization, and both are triggers for venous thromboembolism (VTE). To what extent the association between infection and VTE-risk is explained by immobilization is unknown.

Aims: To investigate the impact of hospitalization with acute infection on the VTE-risk in patients with and without concomitant immobilization, and to explore the differential impact of respiratory- (RTI) and urinary- (UTI) tract infections on the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

C-reactive protein and risk of venous thromboembolism: results from a population-based case-crossover study.

Long-term, low-grade inflammation does not seem to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. The impact of acute inflammation, regardless of cause, on risk of venous thromboembolism is scarcely studied. We aimed to investigate the impact of acute inflammation, assessed by C-reactive protein, on short-term risk of venous thromboembolism.

Temporal changes in benthic macrofauna on the west coast of Norway resulting from human activities.

Quantitative analyses of soft bottom invertebrate fauna from four Norwegian sill fjords show increased macrofaunal abundance, species richness, and a considerably changed benthic deep water macrofaunal composition in the inner parts of the fjord system. In retrospect, the analyses show significantly altered benthic macrofaunal community structure that was not reflected by the changes in the Shannon-Wiener diversity indices during regular monitoring. The observed changes are mainly due to an increased abundance of opportunistic species, especially of the polychaete Polydora sp.