Design and Implementation of Brief Interventions to Address Noncommunicable Diseases in Uzbekistan.

In Uzbekistan, NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, accounted for over 80% of mortality in 2019. In 2021, national stakeholders, in conjunction with the World Health Organization, identified brief interventions (BIs) to implement in primary health care settings to change unhealthy behaviors and reduce the burden of NCDs in the country. BIs consist of a validated set of questions to identify and measure NCD behavioral risk factors and a short conversation with patients/clients about their behavior, as well as the provision of a referral opportunity for further in-depth counseling or treatment if needed.

Implementation of School Nutrition Policies to Address Noncommunicable Diseases in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, account for over 80% of mortality in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in 2019, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are a major risk factor for NCDs in both countries. In 2021, national stakeholders, in consultation with the World Health Organization, identified school nutrition policies (SNPs) as a major approach to reducing the burden of NCDs in both countries. The SNPs included interventions implemented through a multistakeholder and multisectoral arrangement that aimed to improve the health and nutrition status of children and young people by providing healthy food/beverages and restricting unhealthy foods or beverages in schools.

[The immunophenotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of the blast cells in subvariants of acute myeloid leukemia].

The results of study of morpho-cytochemical peculiarities, antigenic profile and peripheric blood and/or bone marrow blast cell karyotype of 21 patients with acute myeloid leukemia are presented. Hemopoietic cell immunophenotyping was carried out with the use of cytofluorometer FACScan and chromosome cytogenetic analysis with the use of analyzer "Metascan". It has been shown that in the AML M1 blast cell plasmatic membrane carries pan-myeloid CD33 and CD13 antigens, the last having high density of expression, and the CD38 antigen, which is a myeloid cell-precursor marker.

[The outlook for the creation of a bank of cryopreserved cord blood for clinical use].

Appraisal of morphological and functional features of cord blood cells involving identification of precursor cells marked with specific monoclonal antibodies makes it possible to regard cord blood as biologically valuable hemopoietic tissue with a high repopulation potential. Studies aimed at developing optimal conditions of cryopreservation allow the stocks of biologically valuable tissue to be built up.

[The morphological characteristics of a papillomavirus infection in the epithelial tissue of the cervix uteri in comparison with the data from the molecular biological identification of specific HPV DNA sequences].

Summarized cytomorphologic, molecular-biological data and the analysis results of cervix uteri multilayer squamous epithelium cells mitotic regime in benign (104 observations) and dysplastic (101 observations) processes, including 6/11 and 16/18 types DNA HPV, are presented in the paper. It has been shown that the use of HPV-infection morphologic markers as compared with cell mitotic activity and with in situ hybridization results allows one to determine the obvious virus role in the induction of flat, acute and papillar condylomas, as well as of cervix uteri dysplastic processes. To ascertain the prognosis of development of dysplasia associated with HPV DNA of 6/11 and 6/18 types, the increase of mitosis pathological forms and of their arrangement zones in epithelium layer parallel with gravity increase of three-group, multipolar and K mitosis should be considered a reliable marker of high oncogenic risk.

[The cytological characteristics of the cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium of the cervix uteri in relation to the association of the pathological processes with the human papilloma virus].

An analysis of cytological material in benign (160 observations) and dysplastic (101 observations) processes, as well as in cervix outset cancer (38 observations) with the aim of search for koilocytic atypia markers in the cells, existing due to HPV infection, has been carried out. High association degree of the virus infection with the material under study has been ascertained. It was found out that the increase of koilocytosis phenotypic markers expression rate is a reliable criterion of cervix uteri pathologic processes progression.

Capitation and integrated health care systems.

Integrated health care systems: a concept being discussed throughout Russia and the world. A concept with three different applications and a confusing interaction with the concept of "capitation payments." The health reform debate in Russia and the NIS can only advance if greater clarity is found for these concepts, and if medical leaders are prepared for the substantial changes in provider behavior that are required with integrated health care systems fueled by capitation payments.

[The course of the adaptation processes in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia during health resort treatment].

Low activity of adaptation processes which impedes obtaining good results of heath resort treatment was observed in 16.7% of patients with neurocirculatory asthenia. Such patients need additional therapeutic measures to correct neurovegetative activity, heart performance.

[Clinico-genealogical and genetic-mathematical research on cancer of the cervix uteri].

Analysis of the family histories of 179 patients with cancer of uterine cervix was conducted to detect the influence of their heredity and environmental factors on the development of malignant tumors using clinical-genealogical and genetic-mathematical methods. Decomposition of phenotypic variance was used as a basis for detecting the contribution of genetic component (2.92%) and random environmental component (97.

Health insurance in Russia--the Kuzbass experience.

The leading pilot region for health finance reform in the Russian Federation has been adapting systems to changing economic circumstances since 1986. In 1992 a 'regulated competition' model was introduced and compulsory contributions are now routed to insurers via a central compensation fund. Hospitals are paid at standard rates (using 'clinical statistical groups') per case by diagnosis and procedure, and by outcome.

[Changes in the hormonal content of the blood during chronic electrostimulation of the hypothalamus and amygdaloid complex].

The changes of corticotropin, thyrotropin in hypophysis, triiodothyronine, thyroxin in thyroid gland, adrenaline, norepinephrine, hydrocortisone, 11-OKS in adrenal glands and pancreas, caused by prolonged electrostimulation of hypothalamic ventro-median nucleus, lateral nucleus of amygdala and the combination of the latter with the SP injection, were studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. The electrostimulation increased the hormone contents in the blood, whereas glucagon contents as well as norepinephrine contents was decreasing in stimulation of hypothalamus and amygdala, resp. The SP injection against the background of electrostimulation of the amygdala resulted in the hormone status standardisation.

[Morphometric features of breast cancer cells in the evaluation of the degree of tumor differentiation].

Morphometric study of the cell and nucleus surface as well as nucleus-cytoplasmatic ratio are performed in 80 patients with mammary carcinoma using a Soviet cytoanalyzer "Integral-2MT". Highly differentiated carcinomas are characterized by a domination (61.3%) of small nuclei (up to 120 microns 2).

[Cytologic and morphologic characteristics of human papillomavirus infection in cervix uteri pathology].

The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in genital cancer is not yet clear at present, but the available data testify to serious changes in cervix uteri epithelium in the process of its infection. Close correlation was demonstrated between HPV type specificity and the degree of epithelial morphological changes as well as histologic tumor variant, and its degree of differentiation. Interrelation between HPV type and level of both regression and progression of atypically changed cervix uteri epithelium is established.

[The results of and prospects for the study of the interphase nucleus of eukaryotes].

Being devoted to studies in structural peculiarities of chromatin distribution of interphase nuclei from eucaryote cells, the paper embraces literature data and the authors' results in this field. Main tendencies in development of the method, based on the qualitative and quantitative estimation of hetero- and euchromatin nucleus substance are considered. Basic successes achieved while estimating experimental and clinical materials are indicated.

[Pathognomonic signs of human papillomavirus infection in diagnostic material from the uterine cervix].

Etiological factors and mechanisms of pretumorous and tumourous processes in the female genitalia are presented in light of current concept of viral cocarcinogenesis. The utility of cytoscreening for the detection of the papilloma-virus infection in the uterine cervix mucosa is founded. Detailed cytological characteristics of cells in the uterine cervix mucosa with a cytopathic effect (coilocytosis, the presence of two or many nuclei, vacuolisation of cytoplasm, nuclear atypia) are presented.

[Hormonal homeostasis and intraocular pressure in chronic emotional stress caused by influences acting on the amygdala].

Changes in intraocular pressure, eye hydrodynamics and the amount of hypophyseal, thyroid, adrenal and pancreatic hormones were studied during continuous stimulation of amygdaloid complex or after administration of angiotensin II into the structure in rabbits. The effects involved changes in hormonal homeostasis and elevation of intraocular pressure due to a hypersecretion of intraocular fluid. The administration of angiotensin II during the amygdala stimulation enhanced the changes.

[Cytologic and morphometric features of mucosal cells of the cervical canal in the normal state and in pathology].

Presents data on the morphology and function of the cervical canal mucosa, obtained with the use of colpocervicoscopy, as well as cytologic qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the glandular epithelium. Demonstrates high informative value and compatibility of the results obtained by different methods for the assessment of anaplasia and proliferation in the mucous endocervical cells, particularly in cases with the early evidence of the glandular epithelium malignant degeneration.

[Changes in collagen metabolism during the chronic electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation].

The content of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, free and bound hydroxyproline in the peripheral blood, as well as the level of free and net hydroxyproline in the aortic wall and myocardium of rabbits were studied in chronic prolonged electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon reticular system. The experiments have shown that electrical stimulation leads to the activation of adrenal cortex function and is accompanied by alterations in collagen metabolism, accumulation of collagen in the aorta and decreased collagen level in the myocardium.