Cystatin C and Kidney Function Recovery in Patients Requiring Continuous KRT for Acute Kidney Injury.

Key Points: Plasma cystatin C is decreased in participants with AKI requiring continuous KRT (CKRT) with early kidney function recovery. Despite being cleared by CKRT, plasma cystatin C in the first 3 days of CKRT may be a useful clinical tool to help predict the prognosis of AKI requiring CKRT.

Background: Plasma cystatin C is a reliable marker to estimate kidney function; however, it is unknown whether this remains true in patients receiving continuous KRT (CKRT).

Change in End-Tidal Co After Mini-Fluid Challenge to Determine Fluid Responsiveness.

Unlabelled: Distributive shock is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the ICU. IV fluid resuscitation is a vital intervention to improve cardiac output and end-organ perfusion during the initial resuscitation and for those who remain fluid responsive. Noninvasive measures of fluid responsiveness are lacking.

ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea.

The American Thoracic Society Sleep Core Curriculum updates clinicians on important sleep topics, presented during the annual meeting, and appearing in summary here. This year's sleep core theme is sleep-disordered breathing and its management. Topics range from pathophysiological mechanisms for the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome, surgical modalities of OSA treatment, comorbid insomnia and OSA, central sleep apnea, and sleep practices during a pandemic.

Transfusion with Cryoprecipitate for Very Low Fibrinogen Levels Does Not Affect Bleeding or Survival in Critically Ill Cirrhosis Patients.

Background: Fibrinogen (FIB) levels less than 150 mg/dL have been associated with increased rates of bleeding and lower survival in critically ill cirrhosis patients.

Objective: We aimed to determine if treatment with cryoprecipitate (CRYO) for low FIB levels is associated with bleeding outcomes or survival.

Methods: A total of 237 cirrhosis patients admitted to an intensive care unit at a tertiary care liver transplant center with initial FIB levels less than 150 mg/dL were retrospectively assessed for CRYO transfusion, bleeding events, and survival outcomes.

The effect of BCG vaccination on alveolar macrophages obtained from induced sputum from healthy volunteers.

The anti-tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is able to boost innate immune responses through a process called 'trained immunity'. It is hypothesized that BCG-induced trained immunity contributes to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Since alveolar macrophages are the first cell type to encounter M.

Machine Learning-Augmented Propensity Score-Adjusted Multilevel Mixed Effects Panel Analysis of Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Education versus Traditional Curriculum for Medical Students as Preventive Cardiology: Multisite Cohort Study of 3,248 Trainees over 5 Years.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) annually claims more lives and costs more dollars than any other disease globally amid widening health disparities, despite the known significant reductions in this burden by low cost dietary changes. The world's first medical school-based teaching kitchen therefore launched CHOP-Medical Students as the largest known multisite cohort study of hands-on cooking and nutrition education versus traditional curriculum for medical students.

Methods: This analysis provides a novel integration of artificial intelligence-based machine learning (ML) with causal inference statistics.

Defining the identity of mouse embryonic dermal fibroblasts.

Embryonic dermal fibroblasts in the skin have the exceptional ability to initiate hair follicle morphogenesis and contribute to scarless wound healing. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is critical for dermal fibroblast fate selection and hair follicle induction. In humans, mutations in Wnt pathway components and target genes lead to congenital focal dermal hypoplasias with diminished hair.

Dual Role of GM-CSF as a Pro-Inflammatory and a Regulatory Cytokine: Implications for Immune Therapy.

Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is generally recognized as an inflammatory cytokine. Its inflammatory activity is primarily due its role as a growth and differentiation factor for granulocyte and macrophage populations. In this capacity, among other clinical applications, it has been used to bolster anti-tumor immune responses.

Idiopathic chronic calcific periarthritis in a child.

Calcific periarthritis is a calcium deposition disease of the periarticular tissues. Deposits of calcium from calcific periarthritis can be found in the periarticular tissues of the shoulders, hips, elbows, wrists, and knees. This disease is often the manifestation of another primary process, such as end-stage renal disease, collagen vascular disease, and systemic diseases (eg, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis), among others.