Tumor suppressor gene ARMC5 controls adrenal redox state through NRF1 turnover.

is a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH), an adrenal cause of Cushing's syndrome. The function of ARMC5 is poorly understood, aside from the fact that it regulates cell viability and adrenal steroidogenesis by mechanisms still unknown. Tumor suppressor genes play an important role in modifying intracellular redox response, which in turn regulates diverse cell signaling pathways.

Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: definitely a genetic disease.

Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is an adrenal cause of Cushing syndrome. Nowadays, a PBMAH diagnosis is more frequent than previously, as a result of progress in the diagnostic methods for adrenal incidentalomas, which are widely available. Although some rare syndromic forms of PBMAH are known to be of genetic origin, non-syndromic forms of PBMAH have only been recognized as a genetic disease in the past 10 years.

ARMC5 mutations are associated with high levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the presence of the serotonin receptor 5HT4R in PMAH nodules.

Objective To analyze the morphological and functional characteristics of primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) nodules carrying or not carrying ARMC5 mutations and the consequences of the presence of mutations in terms of the pattern of macronodule composition and functional state. Subjects and methods The analyses were performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, microdissection of spongiocyte tissue and RT-qPCR of histological sections from 16 patients diagnosed with PMAH with germline (5) or germline/somatic mutations (5) and without mutations (6) in the ARMC5 gene. Results Hyperplastic nodules were predominantly composed of spongiocytes in mutated and nonmutated sections.

Cullin 3 targets the tumor suppressor gene ARMC5 for ubiquitination and degradation.

ARMC5 (Armadillo repeat containing 5 gene) was identified as a new tumor suppressor gene responsible for hereditary adrenocortical tumors and meningiomas. ARMC5 is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a protein which contains a N-terminal Armadillo repeat domain and a C-terminal BTB (Bric-a-Brac, Tramtrack and Broad-complex) domain, both docking platforms for numerous proteins. At present, expression regulation and mechanisms of action of ARMC5 are almost unknown.

Predictors of complication after adrenalectomy.

Purpose: To investigate risk factors for complications in patients undergoing adrenalectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective search of our institutional database was performed of patients who underwent adrenalectomy, between 2014 and 2018. Clinical parameters and adrenal disorder characteristics were assessed and correlated to intra and post-operative course.

The human adrenal cortex: growth control and disorders.

This review summarizes key knowledge regarding the development, growth, and growth disorders of the adrenal cortex from a molecular perspective. The adrenal gland consists of two distinct regions: the cortex and the medulla. During embryological development and transition to the adult adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex acquires three different structural and functional zones.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib is more efficient than mitotane in decreasing cell viability in spheroids prepared from adrenocortical carcinoma cells.

Background: New drugs for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are needed because most patients undergo rapid disease progression despite surgery and adjuvant therapy with mitotane. In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of different chemotherapy drugs, alone or combined with mitotane, on the viability of adrenocortical carcinoma cells.

Methods: Everolimus, sunitinib, zoledronic acid, imatinib and nilotinib cytotoxicity, alone or combined with mitotane were tested on ACC H295R cells in monolayer or spheroid cultures using MTS assays and confocal microscopy.

The role of ARMC5 in human cell cultures from nodules of primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH).

The participation of aberrant receptors and intra-adrenal ACTH in hyperplastic tissue are considered mechanisms that regulate hypercortisolism in PMAH. Additionally, germline ARMC5 mutations have been described as the most frequent genetic abnormality found in patients diagnosed with PMAH. Previous functional studies analyzed ARMC5 role using H295R cells.

The Role of gsp Mutations on the Development of Adrenocortical Tumors and Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Somatic GNAS point mutations, commonly known as gsp mutations, are involved in the pathogenesis of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and have also been described in autonomous hormone-producing tumors, such as somatotropinoma, corticotrophoma, thyroid cancer, ovarian and testicular Leydig cell tumors, and primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH) (1-3). The involvement of gsp mutations in adrenal tumors was first described by Lyons et al. Since then, several studies have detected the presence of gsp mutations in adrenal tumors, but none of them could explain its presence along or the mechanism that leads to tumor formation and hormone hypersecretion.

High 18F-FDG uptake in PMAH correlated with normal expression of Glut1, HK1, HK2, and HK3.

Background: Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome, characterized by functioning adrenal macronodules and variable cortisol production. Recently, we demonstrated a high 18F-FDG uptake in PMAH, an unexpected finding for a benign disorder.

Purpose: To investigate whether there is a correlation between 18F-FDG high uptake and the expression levels of the glycolytic pathway components GLUT1, HK1, HK2, and HK3 in PMAH.