Effects of Neuroactive Drugs in the Discharge Patterns of Microsternarchus (Hypopomidae: Gymnotiformes) Electric Organ.

Considering the conserved nature of synaptic physiology among vertebrates, we tested the effects of three psychotropics (diazepam, doxapram, and nicotine) on Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus, measuring 10 parameters associated to the electric organ discharges rhythm and waveform before and after the administration of each drug and a control group. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.

A new multiple sex chromosome system XXXX/XYXY in Siluriformes: cytogenetic characterization of Bunocephalus coracoideus (Aspredinidae).

We analyzed one Bunocephalus coracoideus population from the Negro River basin using cytogenetic techniques. The results showed a diploid number of 42 chromosomes in both sexes, with the karyotypic formula 4m + 14sm + 24a and fundamental number (FN) = 60 for females and the formula 5m + 14sm + 23a and FN = 61 for males, constituting an XXXX/XYXY multiple sex chromosome system. The constitutive heterochromatin is distributed in the pericentromeric regions of most of the chromosomes, except for the sex chromosomes, of which the X, X, and Y chromosomes were euchromatic and the Y chromosome was partially heterochromatic.

First Cytogenetic Description of Microsternarchus bilineatus (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae) from Negro River (Brazilian Amazon).

Microsternarchus bilineatus is a neotropical electric fish species widely distributed in Amazonian ecosystems. This work reports the first karyotypic description of the species M. bilineatus, which presented 2n = 48 chromosomes, with a distinct karyotypic formula between the sexes: males with 21 metacentric (m)/submetacentric (sm) + 27 subtelocentric (st)/acrocentric (a) and fundamental number (FN) = 69 and females with 20 m/sm + 28 st/a and FN = 68.

Genotoxicity Effects in Freshwater Fish from a Brazilian Impacted River.

This study evaluated the incidence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) in four fish species from an impacted river in Northeastern Brazil, characterized by accumulation of heavy metals and organic sewage. Two carnivores (Serrasalmus brandtii and Hoplias malabaricus) and two omnivore species (Oreochromis niloticus and Geophagus brasiliensis), used as food sources by local populations, were collected during the dry and the rainy season along Contas River basin. Nuclear abnormalities (bulbs, binuclei, lobes, micronuclei, notches, and vacuoles) were reported in all fish samples, with high occurrence in S.

Analysis of metal contamination and bioindicator potential of predatory fish species along Contas River basin in northeastern Brazil.

Samples of two carnivore fish species (Hoplias malabaricus and Serrasalmus brandtii) were collected along Contas River, northeastern Brazil, to determine the levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in edible and non-edible tissues of these important local fisheries resources. Lead could not be quantified in most of the samples, while the other metals were detected in both species. In edible parts, Cr levels were above Brazilian threshold limits in all specimens and Ni was at high concentration in S.

[Systematized care for elders with dementia living in a long-stay institution].

This study aimed to systematize a basic model of nursing care based on the taxonomy from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), tested in elderly patients with dementia affection, living in a Long-Stay Institution (ILPIs) in the countryside of Bahia, Brazil. Nine elder residents were selected at the Institution by the application of the Mini Test on Mental State in two stages, with an interval of six months, which confirmed dementia affection. Data were collected through multidimensional assessment tools for the elder provided by the Ministry of Health.