Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail.

Unlabelled: Gigaxonin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a role in cytoskeletal stability. Its role in cancer is not yet clearly understood. Our previous studies of head and neck cancer had identified gigaxonin interacting with p16 for NFκB ubiquitination.

Bilateral Endolymphatic Hydrops in a Patient With Migraine Variant Without Vertigo: A Case Report.

Objective: To use modern high-resolution inner ear imaging modalities to evaluate for endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in a patient with migraine-associated fluctuating hearing loss without vertigo spells or dizziness.

Background: EH has been well described in patients with Meniere's disease on both human temporal bone studies and modern high-resolution imaging; however, there is no study to date, to our knowledge, that examines the presence of EH in a patient with migraine and bilateral hearing loss. We present the MRI findings using a sequence for detecting EH in a unique case of a patient experiencing migraine headaches accompanied by fluctuating hearing loss without vertigo.

High Resolution MRI Shows Presence of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patients Still Symptomatic After Endolymphatic Shunt Surgery.

Objective: Endolymphatic hydrops has been well described in patients with Ménière's syndrome; however, causation has not been established. Decompression of the endolymphatic sac has been proposed as a means to relieve hydrops and improve vertigo symptoms, but the efficacy of the surgery is debated. Until recently, there have been few objective measures of efficacy other than patients' subjective symptoms.

A review of gigaxonin mutations in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) and cancer.

Gigaxonin, the product of GAN gene localized to chromosome 16, is associated with the early onset neuronal degeneration disease giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). Gigaxonin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein involved in intermediate filament processing in neural cells, and vimentin filaments in fibroblasts. Mutations of the gene cause pre-neural filaments to accumulate and form giant axons resulting in the inhibition of neural cell signaling.

HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Treatment and Prognosis.

Objective: Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence and appears to exhibit improved response to treatment and better survival than that of HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current literature regarding treatment and prognosis of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and identify whether type of treatment (primarily surgery vs primarily radiation) significantly affects survival rates.

Data Sources: PubMed and Cochrane Library databases.

Staged laryngotracheoplasty in adult laryngotracheal stenosis: predictors of long-term decannulation.

Importance: This study reviews a single center's experience of performing staged laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) for the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis with the ultimate goal of attaining long-term airway patency without restenosis.

Objective: To identify staged LTP as an efficacious surgical treatment option for laryngotracheal stenosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From January 2000 to January 2012, patients at a tertiary care academic institution presenting with diagnoses of laryngeal or laryngotracheal stenosis were retrospectively identified.

A comparative study of cricotracheal resection and staged laryngotracheoplasty for adult subglottic stenosis.

Objective: Cricotracheal resection (CTR) and laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) are open surgical treatments for severe subglottic stenosis. This study aims to compare the applications and outcomes of these techniques.

Method: Patients with subglottic stenosis at a tertiary academic institution from 2000 to 2012 were identified by diagnosis codes.

Neck transfixion for sacral extradural spinal meningeal cysts without spinal nerve root fibers.

Purpose: This prospective study analyzes clinical characteristics and outcomes of sacral extradural spinal meningeal cysts (SESMC) without spinal nerve root fibers (SNRF) undergoing neck transfixion.

Methods: Using the relationship between the cysts and SNRF, SESMCs were divided into two types: cysts with SNRF known as Tarlov cysts and cysts without. If the SESMCs were identified as those without SNRFs, the neck of the cyst was transfixed, ligated and the remaining cyst wall removed distal to the clip.

Reconstruction of nerve root sheaths for sacral extradural spinal meningeal cysts with spinal nerve root fibers.

This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of sacral extradural spinal meningeal cysts with spinal nerve root fibers treated by reconstruction of the nerve root sheaths. The relationships between the cysts and spinal nerve root fibers were examined microscopically, the cysts were partially excised, and the defects were oversewn to reconstruct the nerve root sheaths. The Improved Japanese Orthopedic Association (IJOA) scoring system was used to evaluate preoperative and postoperative neurological function.

E-selectin expression increased in human ruptured cerebral aneurysm tissues.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression of inflammation factor endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin, CD62E) in cerebral aneurysm walls and its relationship with aneurysm rupture.

Methods: Cerebral aneurysm tissue samples were collected at the time of surgical clipping of nine patients with history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and then compared with control artery tissues from the superficial temporal arteries (STA) of five patients with intracranial tumors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to reveal and localize E-selectin expression in the aneurysms and artery tissues.

Striatal volumes in pediatric bipolar patients with and without comorbid ADHD.

The most prevalent comorbid disorder in pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As caudate volume abnormalities have been demonstrated in both BD and ADHD, this study sought to determine whether these findings could be attributed to separable effects from either diagnosis. High resolution anatomical magnetic resonance (MRI) images were obtained from youth in 4 groups: BD with comorbid ADHD (n=17), BD without comorbid ADHD (n=12), youth with ADHD alone (n=11), and healthy control subjects (n=24).

Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children.

Object: Pediatric pineal region tumors are very difficult to cure surgically. The authors used the transcallosal interforniceal approach in patients with these lesions.

Methods: One hundred fifty children, 98 boys and 52 girls, with pineal region tumors underwent tumor resection via the transcallosal interforniceal approach in the pediatric neurosurgery ward of TianTan Hospital.