First year national Swedish paediatric Hba1c data are at the level of several intervention studies: Results from a Swedish nationwide diabetes register study.

Aims/hypothesis: To study the progression of HbA1c after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents during 2010-2019 with emphasis on HbA1c nadir 3-6 months after onset.

Methods: Partial funding was secured for this study. The Swedish paediatric diabetes quality register SWEDIABKIDS has >95 % coverage of type 1 diabetes up to 18 years.

[Far East scarlet-like fever in a Caucasian man with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteriaemia].

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium causing infection in humans through contaminated water and/or food. The infection commonly occurs as gastroenteritis and fever, abdominal pain due to mesenteric lymphadenitis and diarrhoea. Bacteraemia is rare and is typically seen in immunocompromised patients and occurs with different clinical presentations like Far East scarlet-like fever, splenic abscess, or mimic appendicitis.

Time spent in hypoglycemia is comparable when the same amount of exercise is performed 5 or 2 days weekly: a randomized crossover study in people with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: People with type 1 diabetes are recommended to exercise regularly. However, limited evidence exists on how frequency and duration of exercise affect the risk of hypoglycemia. The study aimed to compare the percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia between two 5-day periods with different frequency and duration of physical activity.

Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop System Using a Liquid Stable Glucagon Formulation Versus Insulin-Only Closed-Loop System Compared With a Predictive Low Glucose Suspend System: An Open-Label, Outpatient, Single-Center, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and feasibility of a dual-hormone (DH) closed-loop system with insulin and a novel liquid stable glucagon formulation compared with an insulin-only closed-loop system and a predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) system.

Research Design And Methods: In a 76-h, randomized, crossover, outpatient study, 23 participants with type 1 diabetes used three modes of the Oregon Artificial Pancreas system: ) dual-hormone (DH) closed-loop control, ) insulin-only single-hormone (SH) closed-loop control, and ) PLGS system. The primary end point was percentage time in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) from the start of in-clinic aerobic exercise (45 min at 60% VO) to 4 h after.

Comparison of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy Between Abdominal and Upper Arm Insertion Sites.

The aim was to compare the accuracy of the Dexcom G4 Platinum continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor inserted on the upper arm and the abdomen in adults. Fourteen adults with type 1 diabetes wore two CGMs, one placed on the upper arm and one placed on the abdomen. Three in-clinic visits of 5 h with YSI (2300 STAT, Yellow Springs Instrument) measurements as comparator were performed.

Preserved glucose response to low-dose glucagon after exercise in insulin-pump-treated individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study.

Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to compare the increase in plasma glucose after a subcutaneous injection of 200 μg glucagon given after 45 min of cycling with resting (study 1) and to investigate the effects of glucagon when injected before compared with after 45 min of cycling (study 2). We hypothesised that: (1) the glucose response to glucagon would be similar after cycling and resting; and (2) giving glucagon before the activity would prevent the exercise-induced fall in blood glucose during exercise and for 2 h afterwards.

Methods: Fourteen insulin-pump-treated individuals with type 1 diabetes completed three visits in a randomised, placebo-controlled, participant-blinded crossover study.

Effects of Preceding Ethanol Intake on Glucose Response to Low-Dose Glucagon in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.

Objective: This study investigated whether preceding ethanol intake impairs glucose response to low-dose glucagon in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study in 12 insulin pump-treated individuals (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [31-51] years; HbA, 57 [51-59] mmol/mol or 7.3% [6.

Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pumps and Hypoglycemia Prevention in Type 1 Diabetes.

Hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, or death. Insulin pump treatment reduces the frequency of severe hypoglycemia compared with multiple daily injections treatment. The addition of a continuous glucose monitor, so-called sensor-augmented pump (SAP) treatment, has the potential to further limit the duration and severity of hypoglycemia as the system can detect and in some systems act on impending and prevailing low blood glucose levels.

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Impairs the Effect of Glucagon in the Treatment of Insulin-Induced Mild Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Objective: This study compared the ability of glucagon to restore plasma glucose (PG) after mild hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes on an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) versus a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD).

Research Design And Methods: Ten patients with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes randomly completed 1 week of the HCD (≥250 g/day) and 1 week of the LCD (≤50 g/day). After each week, mild hypoglycemia was induced by a subcutaneous insulin bolus in the fasting state.

Teenage girls with type 1 diabetes have poorer metabolic control than boys and face more complications in early adulthood.

Aims: To compare metabolic control between males and females with type 1 diabetes during adolescence and as young adults, and relate it to microvascular complications.

Methods: Data concerning 4000 adolescents with type 1 diabetes registered in the Swedish paediatric diabetes quality registry, and above the age of 18years in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry was used.

Results: When dividing HbA1c values in three groups; < 7.

Insulin pump therapy, multiple daily injections, and cardiovascular mortality in 18,168 people with type 1 diabetes: observational study.

Objective: To investigate the long term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump therapy) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Swedish National Diabetes Register, Sweden 2005-12.

A high mean-HbA1c value 3-15 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in childhood is related to metabolic control, macroalbuminuria, and retinopathy in early adulthood--a pilot study using two nation-wide population based quality registries.

Background: Intensive treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes delays the onset of long-term complications.

Objectives: On the basis of the information from two nation-wide quality registers, we investigated to which extent HbA1c values 3-15 months after diagnosis in childhood are related to metabolic control, albuminuria, and retinopathy in early adulthood.

Methods: In Sweden, physicians register all children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Swedish Pediatric Quality Registry.