The energetics of human walking: is Froude number (Fr) useful for metabolic comparisons?

Velocity and body mass have well-known influences on the amount of metabolic energy that animals require to walk. This relationship could stem from the fact that both are key variables in calculating the mechanical energy of a system in motion. Other variables, like leg length, are also important in mechanical energy calculations and two mechanical formulations that incorporate leg length, Froude number (Fr) and the LiMb model, have been shown to correlate with human metabolic energy expenditure.

Noninvasive assessment of energy expenditure in children.

This study establishes an affordable, simple, and noninvasive method to assess energy expenditure (EE) in children, an underrepresented group. The method is based on regression modeling, where prediction of oxygen consumption (VO(2)), a proxy of EE, was deduced from heart rate (HR) and several variables that adjusted for interindividual variability. Limb activities (arms vs.

Regression-based prediction of net energy expenditure in children performing activities at high altitude.

We developed a simple, non-invasive, and affordable method for estimating net energy expenditure (EE) in children performing activities at high altitude. A regression-based method predicts net oxygen consumption (VO(2)) from net heart rate (HR) along with several covariates. The method is atypical in that, the "net" measures are taken as the difference between exercise and resting VO(2) (DeltaVO(2)) and the difference between exercise and resting HR (DeltaHR); DeltaVO(2) partially corrects for resting metabolic rate and for posture, and DeltaHR controls for inter-individual variation in physiology and for posture.