Identification of the allergenic sensitizing potential of bisphenol A substitutes used in the industry.

Background: Bisphenol (BP-)A is a chemical used in Europe to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin or as colour developer in thermal paper. Due to its toxicity, BPA presence was restricted by European regulations. Therefore, substitute chemicals are replacing BPA.

The BMDC model, a performant cell-based test to assess the sensitizing potential and potency of chemicals including pre/pro-haptens.

Background: Chemical-induced allergies at workplace represent a significant occupational health issue. These substances must be properly identified as sensitizers. In previous studies, an original model using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) was developed for this purpose.

A new cytometry-based method reveals an accumulation of Nrf2 in dendritic cells exposed to two respiratory sensitizers.

The mechanisms underlying chemical respiratory sensitization are incompletely understood. One of the major cell types involved in this pathology are dendritic cells. In this study, the mechanisms of the NRF2-Keap1 pathway were studied using a bone marrow-derived dendritic cell model exposed to two respiratory sensitizers: ammonium hexachloroplatinate (HCP) and ammonium tetrachloroplatinate (ATCP).

Activation of T cells by dendritic cells exposed to a reference sensitizer: Towards a promising model to assess the allergenic potential of chemicals.

Background: Low molecular weight chemicals constitute one of the major causes of occupational allergies. European legislation on chemicals recommends limiting the use of in vivo models for assessing the sensitizing potential of chemicals, and encourages the development of integrated alternative methods. An in vitro mouse model of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) that showed good accuracy (75%) and sensitivity (69%) has previously been developed to assess the sensitizing potential of chemicals.

In vitro detection of chemical allergens: an optimized assay using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

Background: Identification of the allergenic potency of chemicals is a key step in the safety assessment process. Predictive assays that require no or few animals are needed.

Objectives: To develop an alternative in vitro mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) assay to determine the allergenic potential of chemicals.

Iron oxide particles modulate the ovalbumin-induced Th2 immune response in mice.

This study was designed to investigate the modulatory effects of submicron and nanosized iron oxide (Fe(2)O(3)) particles on the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced immune Th2 response in BALB/c mice. Particles were intratracheally administered four times to mice before and during the OVA sensitization period. For each particle type, three different doses, namely 4×100, 4×250 or 4×500 μg/mouse, were used and for each dose, four groups of mice, i.

Identification of contact and respiratory sensitizers according to IL-4 receptor α expression and IL-2 production.

Identification of allergenic chemicals is an important occupational safety issue. While several methods exist to identify contact sensitizers, there is currently no validated model to predict the potential of chemicals to act as respiratory sensitizers. Previously, we reported that cytometry analysis of the local immune responses induced in mice dermally exposed to the respiratory sensitizer trimellitic anhydride (TMA 10%) and contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB 1%) could identify divergent expression of several immune parameters.

Effect of submicron and nano-iron oxide particles on pulmonary immunity in mice.

Due to advances in nanotechnology, exposure to particle compounds in the workplace has become unavoidable. Assessment of their toxicity on health is an important occupational safety issue. This study was conducted in mice to investigate the toxicological effects of submicron and nano-iron oxide particles on pulmonary immune defences.

Simultaneous analysis of the local and systemic immune responses in mice to study the occupational asthma mechanisms induced by chromium and platinum.

As a result of industrial development, increased exposure to platinum and chromium compounds and the subsequent development of occupational asthma (OA) has been reported. Although specific IgE antibodies, an indicator of allergic asthma, against chromium and platinum have been detected in workers with OA, the immunopathological mechanisms involved in this disease are not fully understood. To better understand these complex mechanisms, the local and systemic immune responses were simultaneously analyzed in mice sensitized and challenged three, four, or five times with sodium hexachloroplatinate (Pt salt) and with potassium dichromate (Cr salt) via the respiratory route.

Inhaled chemicals may enhance allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitised mice.

Occupational allergy and asthma is a challenging issue in the developing countries. Chemicals inhaled in the workplaces may act not only as allergens but also as immune response modifiers, contributing to asthma exacerbation. In this study, we tested the adjuvant effect of 20 ppm chloroform, 10 ppm 1,1-dichloroethylene, and 100 ppm styrene in mice.

TDI can induce respiratory allergy with Th2-dominated response in mice.

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a highly reactive industrial chemical is one of the leading causes of occupation-related asthma in industrialized countries. The pathophysiology of TDI-induced asthma, however, remains poorly understood, in part due to a lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, four models of TDI-sensitised mice were investigated.

Identification of contact and respiratory sensitizers using flow cytometry.

Identification of the chemicals responsible for respiratory and contact allergies in the industrial area is an important occupational safety issue. This study was conducted in mice to determine whether flow cytometry is an appropriate method to analyze and differentiate the specific immune responses to the respiratory sensitizer trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and to the contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) used at concentrations with comparable immunogenic potential. Mice were exposed twice on the flanks (days 0, 5) to 10% TMA or 1% DNCB and challenged three times on the ears (days 10, 11, 12) with 2.