A randomised trial of high-flow nasal cannula in infants with moderate bronchiolitis.

Background: The objective was to determine whether high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), a promising respiratory support in infant bronchiolitis, could reduce the proportion of treatment failure requiring escalation of care.

Methods: In this randomised controlled trial, we assigned infants aged <6 months who had moderate bronchiolitis to receive either HFNC at 3 L·kg·min or standard oxygen therapy. Crossover was not allowed.

Use of Procalcitonin Assays to Predict Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Febrile Infants.

Importance: The procalcitonin (PCT) assay is an accurate screening test for identifying invasive bacterial infection (IBI); however, data on the PCT assay in very young infants are insufficient.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic characteristics of the PCT assay for detecting serious bacterial infection (SBI) and IBI in febrile infants aged 7 to 91 days.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective cohort study that included infants aged 7 to 91 days admitted for fever to 15 French pediatric emergency departments was conducted for a period of 30 months (October 1, 2008, through March 31, 2011).

Moving from bag to catheter for urine collection in non-toilet-trained children suspected of having urinary tract infection: a paired comparison of urine cultures.

Objective: To compare, in the same children, urine culture results from bag- versus catheter-obtained specimens with catheter culture as the reference.

Study Design: A total of 192 non-toilet-trained children <3 years of age from 2 emergency departments were recruited for this prospective cross-sectional study. All had positive urinalysis results from bag-obtained specimens that were systematically checked with a catheter-obtained specimen before treatment.