Complications, Treatment, and Outcomes of Self-Injecting Substances Into the Face: A Systematic Review.

Background: The increased demand for minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures in tandem with the ease of acquiring injectable cosmetics through direct-to-consumer retailers has led to a rise in self-injecting cosmetics among untrained individuals.

Objective: To analyze complications, treatments, and outcomes associated with self-injecting fillers into the face.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature from PubMed and Embase databases was performed from inception to September 10, 2022, to identify studies pertaining to self-injection of facial fillers.