1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in the in vitro model of neuronal insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the shared role of insulin resistance in T2DM and AD, repurposing peripheral insulin sensitizers is a promising strategy to preserve neuronal insulin sensitivity and prevent AD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a bioactive iminosugar, exhibited insulin-sensitizing effects in metabolic tissues and was detected in brain tissue post-oral intake.

Regulated dynamic subcellular GLUT4 localization revealed by proximal proteome mapping in human muscle cells.

Regulation of glucose transport, which is central for control of whole-body metabolism, is determined by the amount of GLUT4 glucose transporter (also known as SLC2A4) in the plasma membrane (PM) of fat and muscle cells. Physiologic signals [such as activated insulin receptor or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] increase PM GLUT4. Here, we show that the distribution of GLUT4 between the PM and interior of human muscle cells is dynamically maintained, and that AMPK promotes PM redistribution of GLUT4 by regulating exocytosis and endocytosis.

Cellular Uptake of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone in Its Intact and Derivatized Forms from the Cell Culture Medium of 3T3-L1.

Following a growing interest in the physiological effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), more cell culture experiments have begun to elucidate its mechanism of action. However, to our knowledge, no reports have used instrumental analysis, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to study cellular uptake of PQQ. In addition, despite the propensity of PQQ to react with amino acids and other compounds, only a handful of cell culture experiments have been conducted on PQQ derivatives.

Possible Glutathione Peroxidase 4-Independent Reduction of Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide: Its Relevance to Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is mainly caused by iron-mediated peroxidation of phospholipids and has recently attracted attention due to its involvement in various diseases. At the center of it is supposedly the inability of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to reduce excess peroxidized phospholipids (e.g.

Dietary triacylglycerol hydroperoxide is not absorbed, yet it induces the formation of other triacylglycerol hydroperoxides in the gastrointestinal tract.

The in vivo presence of triacylglycerol hydroperoxide (TGOOH), a primary oxidation product of triacylglycerol (TG), has been speculated to be involved in various diseases. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to whether dietary TGOOH is absorbed from the intestine. In this study, we performed the lymph duct-cannulation study in rats and analyzed the level of TGOOH in lymph following administration of a TG emulsion containing TGOOH.

Improving water dispersibility and bioavailability of luteolin using microemulsion system.

We have studied the physiological effects and health functions of luteolin, especially focusing on its absorption and metabolism. Recent studies have reported the advantages of microemulsion to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds, including luteolin. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the absorption and metabolic profile of luteolin delivered in microemulsion system via oral intake.

Evaluation and development of a novel pre-treatment method for mulberry leaves to enhance their bioactivity enzymatic degradation of GAL-DNJ to DNJ.

Mulberry leaves are rich in 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and 2--α-D-galactopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ). Compared to DNJ, the bioactive potency of GAL-DNJ is low. We proposed that the conversion of GAL-DNJ into DNJ may improve its bioavailability.

A comprehensive review on the production, pharmacokinetics and health benefits of mulberry leaf iminosugars: Main focus on 1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ.

Mulberry leaves are rich in biologically active compounds, including phenolics, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Mulberry leaf iminosugars (MLIs; a type of polyhydroxylated alkaloids), in particular, have been gaining increasing attention due to their health-promoting effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulatory activities. Knowledge regarding the in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity of MLIs are crucial to understand their role and function and human health.

Supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 culture broth powder containing 1-deoxynojirimycin in a high-fat diet altered the gene expressions related to lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in mice epididymal white adipose tissue.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been known for its functional properties, such as its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity activities. Previously, we developed a sustainable procedure to produce culture broth powder (CBP) containing DNJ using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 and demonstrated its regulatory effect on the blood glucose and lipid parameters in C57BL/6J mice. The present study was aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the physiological effects of CBP intake in different concentrations (low, medium and high) towards the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders.

Evaluation of lipid oxidation mechanisms in beverages and cosmetics via analysis of lipid hydroperoxide isomers.

Understanding of lipid oxidation mechanisms (e.g., auto-oxidation and photo-oxidation) in foods and cosmetics is deemed essential to maintain the quality of such products.

Physiological Effects and Organ Distribution of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 Culture Broth Powder Containing 1-Deoxynojirimycin in C57BL/6J Mice.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been known as a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from mulberry leaves and considered beneficial in prevention of type 2 diabetes. Due to limited amount of DNJ in mulberry leaves, recent studies have focused in finding alternative source that can produce higher amount of DNJ. Previously, we produced a high DNJ-containing culture medium from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 and constructed a concentration method of bacterial culture medium using cation exchange column.

Evaluation of the anti-hyperglycemic effect and safety of microorganism 1-deoxynojirimycin.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and thus beneficial for prevention of diabetes. While we have succeeded in obtaining the culture supernatant extract (CSE) rich in DNJ from microorganism source, information regarding its anti-hyperglycemic effect and safety were still limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect and safety of microorganism DNJ.