The influence of lactation and its duration on bone mineral density in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: There is a plethora of research on the association of parity and duration of lactation with bone mineral density (BMD) during and after pregnancy. However, there are no consensus conclusions on the impact of the duration of lactation on BMD.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pregnancy, and the duration of lactation on BMD during pregnancy, postpartum phase and 12 months post-delivery.