Publications by authors named "Isabella Gomes"

Background: It is unclear how changes to the 2023-2024 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application will impact future applicants. We investigate students' perceptions about applying to residency during this transition period.

Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was sent to medical students through social media of a women's surgical society.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Data on viral shedding is limited, with only 40 cases providing insights, but strong evidence supports the person-to-person transmission of NiVB and some for Nipah virus Malaysia (NiVM).
  • * Although less direct evidence exists for Hendra virus (HeV) transmission between people, infected animals show higher viral shedding, indicating a possible risk, highlighting the need for standardized research protocols on henipaviruses.
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Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM), isocitrate dehydrogenase () wild-type ( ), and grade 4 astrocytomas, mutant ( ), are the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults. A better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment may provide new biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the expression profile of 730 immuno-oncology-related genes in patients with GBM and tumors and identify prognostic biomarkers and a gene signature associated with patient survival.

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Purpose: Interventions that can help streamline and reduce gaps in the tuberculosis (TB) care cascade can play crucial roles in TB prevention and care, but are often operationally complex and resource intensive, given the heterogenous settings in which they are implemented. In this study, we present a comparative analysis on cost-effectiveness of TB REACH Wave 5 projects with diverse programmatic objectives to inform future decisions regarding funding, strategic adoption, and scale-up.

Methods: We comprehensively reviewed project reports and financial statements from TB REACH Wave 5, a funding mechanism for interventions that aimed to strengthen the TB care cascade in diverse settings.

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We developed a novel method to align two data sources (TB notifications and the Demographic Health Survey, DHS) captured at different geographic scales. We used this method to identify sociodemographic indicators - specifically population density - that were ecologically correlated with elevated TB notification rates across wards (~100 000 people) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We found population density was the variable most closely correlated with ward-level TB notification rates (Spearman's rank correlation 0.

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Background: Patients with severe COVID-19 seem to evolve with a compromised antiviral response and hyperinflammation. Neutrophils are critical players in COVID-19. IL-17A plays a major role in protection against extracellular pathogens and neutrophil attraction/activation.

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In rapidly growing and high-burden urban centres, identifying tuberculosis (TB) transmission hotspots and understanding the potential impact of interventions can inform future control and prevention strategies. Using data on local demography, TB reports and patient reporting patterns in Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) and Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh, between 2010 and 2017, we developed maps of TB reporting rates across wards in DSCC and DNCC and identified wards with high rates of reported TB (i.e.

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Background: While household contact investigation is widely recommended as a means to reduce the burden of tuberculosis (TB) among children, only 27% of eligible pediatric household contacts globally received preventive treatment in 2018. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of household contact investigation for TB treatment and short-course preventive therapy provision for children under 15 years old across 12 high TB burden countries.

Methods: We used decision analysis to compare the costs and estimated effectiveness of three intervention scenarios: (a) status quo (existing levels of coverage with isoniazid preventive therapy), (b) contact investigation with treatment of active TB but no additional preventive therapy, and (c) contact investigation with TB treatment and provision of short-course preventive therapy.

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Article Synopsis
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor treated primarily with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ), with MGMT promoter (MGMTp) methylation being a key biomarker predicting patient response to TMZ.
  • This study analyzed 112 adult GBM cases, focusing on various genetic markers, including IDH1, ATRX, and TERT promoter mutations, alongside MGMTp methylation and expression to evaluate their associations with patient outcomes.
  • Results indicated that MGMTp methylation correlates with better TMZ response, while lower MGMT expression was linked to improved survival, suggesting that combining MGMT methylation and expression could enhance prediction for treatment responses in GBM patients.*
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Objective: The present study investigated the erosive potential of children's mouthrinses on glass ionomer cement (GIC) samples after simulated toothbrushing.

Study Design: Forty round-shaped samples of GIC were divided into 3 groups: G1- cetylpyridinium chloride, G2- xylitol and triclosan and G3-Malva sylvestris and xylitol and G4-distilled water as a control group. Prior to the main tests, the samples were submitted to the surface roughness measurement (Ra) and weight analysis (W).

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Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is geographically heterogeneous, and geographic targeting can improve the impact of TB interventions. However, standard TB notification data may not sufficiently capture this heterogeneity. Better understanding of patient reporting patterns (discrepancies between residence and place of presentation) may improve our ability to use notifications to appropriately target interventions.

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Background: Failing to account for the resources required to successfully implement public health interventions can lead to an underestimation of costs and budget impact, optimistic cost-effectiveness estimates, and ultimately a disconnect between published evidence and public health decision-making.

Methods: We developed a conceptual framework for assessing implementation costs. We illustrate the use of this framework with case studies involving interventions for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings.

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Background: Targeted testing and treatment (TTT) for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is a recommended strategy to accelerate TB reductions and further TB elimination in the United States. Evidence on cost-effectiveness of TTT for key populations can help advance this goal.

Methods: We used a model of TB transmission to estimate the numbers of individuals who could be tested by interferon-γ release assay and treated for LTBI with 3 months of self-administered rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) under various TTT scenarios.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of dental prophylaxis techniques on surface roughness of composite resins.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 nanohybrid resin composite test specimens were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 12). They were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and submitted to the finishing and polishing technique.

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Objective: The aim of this in vivo study was to radiographically evaluate the proximal contour of composite resin restorations performed using different matrix systems.

Materials And Methods: Patients with premolars needing class II type resin composite restorations involving the marginal ridge were selected. Thirty premolars were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) to receive restorations using different matrix systems: group 1: metal matrix coupled to a carrier matrix and wood wedge (G1-MMW); group 2: sectioned and precontoured metal matrix and elastic wedge (G2-SME); and group 3: a polyester strip and reflective wedge (G3-PMR).

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The aim of this study was evaluate in vitro the influence of simplified adhesive systems (etch-and-rinse and self-etching) and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on the microshear bond strength (μ-SBS) of composite resins on primary molars and incisors. Forty primary molars and forty incisors vestibular enamel was treated with either the self-etching Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray) or etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2, 3M/ESPE) adhesive system.

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Cardiotonic steroids are used to treat heart failure and arrhythmia and have promising anticancer effects. The prototypic cardiotonic steroid ouabain may also be a hormone that modulates epithelial cell adhesion. Cardiotonic steroids consist of a steroid nucleus and a lactone ring, and their biological effects depend on the binding to their receptor, Na,K-ATPase, through which, they inhibit Na+ and K+ ion transport and activate of several intracellular signaling pathways.

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Objective: Dengue is a worldwide public health problem with approximately 50 million cases reported annually. The World Health Organization proposed a revised classification system in 2008 to more effectively identify the patients who are at increased risk of complications from dengue. Few studies have validated this new classification system in clinical practice.

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