A Combination of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Strategies for Evaluating How Much New Oral Anticoagulants Exacerbate Experimental Intracerebral Bleeding.

 Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy but the effects of different types of oral anticoagulants on the expansion of these hemorrhages are still unclear. Clinical studies have revealed controversial results; more robust and long-term clinical evaluations are necessary to define their outcomes. An alternative is to test the effect of these drugs in experimental models of intracerebral bleeding induced in animals.

Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Properties of Three Structurally Correlated Sea Urchin Sulfated Glycans and Their Low-Molecular-Weight Derivatives.

The anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of three structurally correlated sea urchin-derived 3-linked sulfated α-glycans and their low molecular-weight derivatives were screened comparatively through various in vitro and in vivo methods. These methods include activated partial thromboplastin time, the inhibitory activity of antithrombin over thrombin and factor Xa, venous antithrombosis, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, the activation of factor XII, and bleeding. While the 2-sulfated fucan from was observed to be poorly active in most assays, the 4-sulfated fucan from , the 2-sulfated galactan from and their derivatives showed multiple effects.

Improved anticoagulant effect of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate orally administered as gastro-resistant tablets.

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a potent anticoagulant polysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber. Its anticoagulant activity is attributed to the presence of unique branches of sulfated fucose. Although this glycosaminoglycan exerts an antithrombotic effect following oral administration, high doses are necessary to achieve the maximum effect.