Impact of ESH and AAP hypertension guidelines for children and adolescents on office and ambulatory blood pressure-based classifications.

Background: The objective was to assess the differences between the 2016 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) hypertension (HTN) guidelines in the distribution of office blood pressure (BP) categories as well as in the office and ambulatory BP mismatches.

Material And Methods: The study included 4940 clinical evaluations performed in 2957 youth (5-18 years) of both sexes. BP and anthropometric parameters were measured following standard conditions.

Efficacy of a cognitive and behavioral treatment for childhood obesity supported by the ETIOBE web platform.

Recently, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased alarmingly. Interventions combining eating habits, physical activity (PA), behavioral components, and family support have been shown to be effective, although variables such as self-efficacy beliefs and motivation seem to be important in achieving stable changes. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can provide additional resources to traditional treatments.

Changes in physical fitness of a home-based physical exercise program in childhood obesity: A quasi-experimental uncontrolled study.

Few studies have evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF) of obese children and adolescents of a physical activity program for the treatment of obesity, and even fewer have explored the modality of home-based physical exercise. The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in PF and body composition (BC) of a home-based physical exercise for treating childhood obesity. Thirty-three overweight/obese children and adolescents participated for six months in a home-based intervention that combined aerobics and muscular strength exercises.

Blood pressure and obesity exert independent influences on pulse wave velocity in youth.

The objective was to analyze pulse wave velocity (PWV) in normotensive, high-normal, and hypertensive youths by using aortic-derived parameters from peripheral recordings. The impact of obesity on vascular phenotypes was also analyzed. A total of 501 whites from 8 to 18 years of age were included.

Exercise intervention in childhood obesity: a randomized controlled trial comparing hospital-versus home-based groups.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a hospital clinic group- versus home-based combined exercise-diet program for the treatment of childhood obesity.

Methods: One hundred ten overweight/obese Spanish children and adolescents (6-16 years) in 2 intervention groups (hospital clinic group-based [n = 45] and home-based [n = 41]) and a sex-age-matched control group (n = 24) were randomly assigned to participate in a 6-month combined exercise (aerobic and resistance training) and Mediterranean diet program. Anthropometric values (including body weight, height, body mass index, BMI-Z score, and waist circumference) were measured pre- and postintervention for all the participants.

Influence of concurrent obesity and low birth weight on blood pressure phenotype in youth.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of obesity and low birth weight on both office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) values, as well as on aortic-derived parameters in youths. A total of 422 white youths, from 10 to 18 years of age, were included. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the presence (234; 55%) or the absence (188; 45%) of obesity and according to low (114; 27%) or normal (308; 73%, birth weight.

Birth weight and characteristics of endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human umbilical cord vessels.

Background: Low birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing high blood pressure in adult life. The molecular and cellular analysis of umbilical cord artery and vein may provide information about the early vascular characteristics of an individual. We have assessed several phenotype characteristics of the four vascular cell types derived from human umbilical cords of newborns with different birth weight.

Added impact of obesity and insulin resistance in nocturnal blood pressure elevation in children and adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between insulin resistance and the ambulatory blood pressure components in obese children and adolescents. Eighty-seven overweight and obese white children and adolescents of both sexes, of European origin from 6 to 18 years of age (mean age: 10.9+/-2.

Cold medication containing oral phenylephrine as a cause of hypertension in children.

A 5-year-old girl presented hypertension [24-h blood pressure (BP) average 135/80 mmHg, above the 99th BP percentile], as confirmed by ambulatory BP monitoring, following the use of a cold preparation (2.5 ml every 8 h for 4 days) containing phenyephrine (1 mg/ml). There was a clear relationship between the administration of the medication and hypertension, and between normalized BP values (24-h BP average 109/66 mmHg, 90th percentile) and the withdrawal of the medication.

Procedure to consistently obtain endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from umbilical cord vessels.

The prenatal history of an individual can be responsible to some extent for the occurrence of several diseases later in life. Thus, low birth weight has been related to an increased risk of developing hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The molecular and cellular basis of this increased risk could be found in body fluids and cell types that can be obtained just after birth.

First-year blood pressure increase steepest in low birthweight newborns.

Aim: The present research has been undertaken prospectively to study the impact of birthweight and growth pattern on blood pressure changes from birth through the first year of life.

Methods: Parents of newborns born at term (gestational age > 37 weeks) after uncomplicated pregnancies and in the absence of perinatal illness were randomly invited to allow their children to participate in the study. One hundred and forty-nine (84 male and 65 female) newborns were included in the present analysis.

The impact of the degree of obesity on the discrepancies between office and ambulatory blood pressure values in youth.

Objectives: Obesity is an increasingly frequent problem among children and adolescents, and may lead to blood pressure (BP) increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension, white-coat and masked hypertension in obese adolescents making systematic use of both office BP and 24-h ambulatory BP measurement. The impact of different degrees of obesity on BP and heart rate variability was also investigated.

Prevalence, persistence, and clinical significance of masked hypertension in youth.

Masked hypertension, an elevated daytime ambulatory blood pressure in the presence of a normal office blood pressure, confers an increased cardiovascular risk to adults. We investigated the prevalence, persistence, and clinical significance of masked hypertension in children and adolescents. We enrolled 592 youths (6 to 18 years old).

The impact of birth weight on pulse pressure during adolescence.

Background: The objective was to study the influence of birth weight on office and ambulatory pulse pressure.

Methods And Results: Three hundred healthy children (176 girls), aged 10-18 years, born at term after a normotensive pregnancy were included. The subjects were divided according to birth weight: 2.